Sanitation

Rural Sanitation
Pit Latrine
Aqua Privy
Composting latrines
Bio gas & Septic tank
Biogas refers to a mixture of different gases predominantly

What is a biogas ?
methane and CO2 produced by the natural decomposition of
organic matter in the absence of oxygen. The raw materials
used are waste from agriculture, municipality, plant material,
sewage, Kitchen etc.
Working of bio gas plant
Biogas - Uses

Effective disposal of organic waste. The digester model varies according to the
waste type

Nutrient rich sludge

Alternative to fossil fuels

The resulting gas can be used as gas, electricity, transportation fuels

Case 1 – Sweden uses bio gas to run significant transportation

Case 2 – Rural households of Punjab uses bio gas as an alternative to LPG

Case 2 – Rural households in Punjab

The village’s centralised community-owned

biogas plant — which can process up to 2,500
kg of cow dung daily —not only provides a
piped supply of biogas, it also collects dung
from the doorsteps of its residents.
Biogas Plant - Accidents
Is Bio gas and Gobar gas same?
In septic tank effluent from WC is collected. The effluent here
gets treated biologically and the treated water will then be
connected to the soak pit.
What is a septic tank and soak pit?

The waste water from the bathroom, kitchen etc. is directly

connected to the soak pit.
Septic tank retention time is the length of time that effluent remains in the
septic tank before moving out to the absorption system or leach field.

Retention period in Septic tank ?

In order for a septic tank to function properly, adequate liquid volume must
be maintained to allow for sufficient "settling time" or "retention time"
which permits solids to either settle out as sludge or join the floating-scum
layer at the top of the tank.
Considerations – Soak pit construction

Significantly away from foundations and water sources

Shouldn’t disturb/contaminate the water table

Periodic evacuation in water logged areas