LEPROSY

MAY , 2021
 LEPROSY

Introduction
• A chronic granulomatous infection caused by M.
leprae
- A disabling, deforming and stigmatizing disease
- Primarily affects the skin & nerves and also the
eyes
Etiology
• Grows best in cooler areas of the body
• Skin
• Peripheral nerves
• Anterior chamber of the eye
• Requirements for the spread of leprosy
• Contagious patient
• Susceptible individual
• Close or intimate contact
 Classification and clinical
features
• WHO proposed a classification ‫׃‬
• Paucibacillary/PB/
• Multibacillary/MB
• PB leprosy ‫׃‬
• Few lesions /< 5 /
• No AFB found
• MB leprosy ‫׃‬
• Multiple / ≥ 5/
• One or more AFB
Physical examination
• Paucibacillary
• Few hypopigmented annular lesions
• Enlarged peripheral nerves early in the course
• Multibacillary leprosy
• Multiple ill-defined nodular lesions involving the trunk and
extremities
• Enlarged peripheral nerves late in the course
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Diagnosis
• Definite loss of sensation in hypopigmented or
erythematous lesion.
• Thickened peripheral nerve with loss of
sensation & or weakness of muscles supplied.
• Presence of AFB in slit skin smear
- Erythematic and edema of skin lesions (macula's become plaques)
 TREATMENT

• Main principles of treatment.

• chemotherapy e.g dapsone , rifampicin
• Treat the complications
• Rehabilitate the patient socially and
psychologically.
PIGMENTARY DISORDERS
 VITILIGO

Definition
• Vitiligo is a common, heritable or acquired
disorder characterized by well-
circumscribed whitish cutaneous macules
devoid of melanocytes
• A major medical problem in black and
brown skinned populations
Clinical features
• Depigmented or hypopigmented macules
• Hypopigmented lesions are precursors for
depigmented lesions
• The disease progresses by gradual enlargement of the
old macules or by development of new ones.
• Vitiligo is asymptomatic and there is no change in
skin texture
• Five clinical types exist
• Focal,
• Lip-tip
• Segmental,
• Generalized
• Universal.
Treatment options
• Sunscreens
• Steroid creams
• Phototherapy
• Photochemotherapy – systemic or topical
• Cosmetics camouflage
• Depigmentation
THANK YOU