GOOD MORNING

SOCIAL STUDIES
TEACHERS!
GEOGRAPHY 2

GLACIOLOGY

Agpalo, Adrian Benedict

Aguirre, Lara Marie
Balane, John Mark
BSED SS 1-1D

Dr. Manolito San Jose

GLACIOLOGY
Study of glaciers, generally
the study of ice and natural
phenomena that involve ice.

The word glacier is derived

from the Latin glaciees,
meaning ice or frost.
GLACIOLOGY

A field of physical
geography that deals
with the study of the
inter-dynamics of
glaciers and their effects
on the planet’s
environment.
CRYOSPHERE
frozen water part of the
Earth system

all-encompassing term for

those portions of Earth's
surface where water is in
solid form
TYPES OF GLACIERS

Alpine Glacier

a glacier that is confined
by surrounding
mountain terrain or a
valley
TYPES OF GLACIERS
Continental Glacier

Continental glaciers are
continuous masses of ice that
are much larger than alpine
glaciers.

An ice sheet covering a

considerable part of a continent.
GLACIOLOGIST

A scientist who studies

glaciers and other
natural phenomena
involving ice. 
JOB DUTIES
Conduct research on ice sheets,
shelves, fields, and caps, as well as
alpine and arctic glaciers and snow.
Collect samples of ice and snow to
test for various criteria, including
physical properties, chemical
composition, and evidence of life in
the ice.
Communicate with the media and
general public on historical and
modern glacial activity and its
relevance to climate change.
WORK ENVIRONMENT
• In The Field:
Conducting experiments and gathering
data in remote field locations.
Installing and maintaining electronic
instrumentation.
• In The Lab:
Testing samples and conducting
experiments.
Using remote sensing equipment to
study ice and snow.
Designing and calibrating new
instruments.
EDUCATION
If you are a high school student
considering a career as a glaciologist,
you should have strong marks or an
interest in: Mathematics, Chemistry,
Physics, Calculus, and Computer Science.
Glaciologists require a minimum of a
bachelor's degree in environmental or
earth sciences, climatology, physics,
geomatics, or geography. Students may
want to seek a masters or
doctoral degree in glaciology to do
university or government-level research.
SALARY
Glaciologists at an entry
level position make
between $36,000 and $45,500
per year in Canada. With
several years experience
and education glaciologists
make between $51,000 and
$85,500 per year.
ISSUES WITHOUT TISSUE
MELTING = DYING
Our planet's glaciers continue to
melt away, losing up to 390 billion
tons of ice and snow per year, a
new study suggests.

The largest losses were glaciers in

Alaska, followed by the melting
ice fields in southern South
America and glaciers in the Arctic.
MELTING = DYING
"Over 30 years, suddenly
almost all regions started
losing mass at the same
time," said study lead
author Michael Zemp of
the University of Zurich.
"That's clearly climate
change if you look at the
global picture."
MELTING = DYING
Scientists found that while much
of the melting a century ago
was most probable due to
natural variability in the
climate, it is now primarily
caused by anthropogenic global
warming resulting from
industrial greenhouse gases.
MELTING = DYING
With an increase in global
temperatures, glacier ice is melting
faster. This will lead to a rise in sea
level which will have a direct
impact on those living in low lying
areas. Moreover glaciers absorb a
little heat and reflect the remaining
back into the space. With their
disappearance the earth is now
absorbing more heat causing the
temperature to rise even further.
MELTING = DYING
The melting of glaciers will
affect drinking supplies of
the millions who rely on
melt water rivers. In
addition to that when
glaciers melt they will lead
to a rise in sea level, which
in turn will cause flooding
of the coastal areas.
MELTING = DYING
In fact, a whopping two-thirds of
Himalayan glaciers could melt by 2100
if global warming continues,
according to the new report. 
Such a catastrophic melt would
disrupt the flow of Asian rivers, which
are a crucial resource for crops for
billions of people in China, India and
six other countries.
"This is the climate crisis you haven't
heard of," said Philippus Wester, a
scientist with the International Centre
for Integrated Mountain Development,
which released the report.
SPECIES IN DANGER
Sea ice serves as the basis for
Antarctic ecosystems and “most
organisms’ life cycles in this region
are attuned to ice seasonality,”
according to a 2013 paper.

Says Hugh Ducklow, a biological

oceanographer at Columbia
University’s Lamont-Doherty Earth
Observatory, “The foundation of
the ecosystem is melting away.”
SPECIES IN DANGER
Krill are tiny shrimp-like
crustaceans that act as a keystone
species in Antarctica, meaning that
they are critical to ecosystem
functioning, but a 2010 study found
that the density of krill
populations has declined 80
percent since the 1970s. This is due
to a variety of factors, including
over-harvesting, sea ice loss, and
ocean warming and acidification.
SPECIES IN DANGER
Changes in sea ice, therefore, may
significantly impact penguin
populations. According to a 2014 study,
for instance, Adélies are having more
trouble feeding as sea ice retreats in
areas of the Western Antarctic
Peninsula.
At the Palmer Research Station on the
peninsula, Adélie penguin
numbers have declined 65 percent over
the past 25 years and are being
replaced by Chinstrap and Gentoo
penguins.
 “
Ice melts when heated,
eyes melt when cheated.
”