A STUDY ON

SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF VERTICAL IRREGULARITIES IN

BUILDING

Project Supervisor : Er. Ashish Poudel

Presented By :
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Anil Shrestha 17480050
Pankaj Dahal 17520430
Prasna Rai 17520432
Pratiksha K.C 17520434
Sandesh Sitaula17480077
Satakshi Mishra 17520457
OUTLINE
Introduction

Literature Review

Methodology

Expected Outcomes

Time Schedule

Refrences
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 INTRODUCTION

Brief introduction about the topic

1. Seismic analysis is prediction of performance/response of a given structure
under lateral loads.
2. Vertical irregularities in building can be defined as the non-uniformity or
discontinuity (in mass, strength, stiffness, geometry) along the vertical axis in
comparison with adjacent stories.
3. Our study focuses on Stiffness Irregularity (Soft storey) .
4. As per IS code 1893:2016, a soft storey is a storey whose lateral stiffness is less
than that of the storey above. 3
4. In a soft storey, the load path is irregular. So the loads will not be properly
distributed in all the storey .
5. These are some types of soft storey as shown in the figures below.

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In context of Nepal…

6. Nepal lying in a seismically active region, has a long history of devastating

earthquakes.

7. When an earthquake occurs, it brings excessive damages to the structures.

And the damages/casualties occurred due to the collapse of these building is
more than other calamities.

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List of major earthquakes in Nepal

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Nepal
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 STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS
1. For functional requirements , for aesthetic purposes , there is a huge practice of
constructing the building with various irregularities either in plan or elevation.
2. When an earthquake occurs, there is a high chance of collapsing of building
with stiffness irregularities.
3. We can see a lot of soft storey in buildings of Nepal commonly seen in building
with shutters for business purposes and open storey.
4. The storey constructed by elevating the storey height than the others for the
construction of seminar halls, film halls, parking area for heavy vehicles are
the perfect example of soft storey that has a huge chance of occurring lateral
cracks during seismic activity.
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 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

1. To study the behaviour and performance of building with vertical

regularity and irregularity (stiffness) under lateral forces.

2. To compare between regular and vertically irregular building on the

basis of base shear , storey drift, lateral sway & node displacement etc.

3. To overcome the problems occurred due to irregularity along with

seismic activity.

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Other objectives:

4. To familiarize with code of practice for earthquake resistant design and

analysis.

5. To identify the optimum location for stiffness irregularity to get minimum

effect.

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 QUESTIONS TO BE ADDRESSED IN
THE STUDY

How seismic analysis is done and compared between two building models?

What are the benefits of seismic analysis of building ?

How the vulnerability due to earthquake can be reduced in irregular structure ?

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 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE
STUDY
1. Identification of structural arrangement of plan and estimation of various
loads.
2. Structural detailing and design of the building components on assumption
basis.
3. Architectural drawing for plan of building.
4. Analysis of two building models ( that differs vertically with each other )
through ETABS.
5. Seismic analysis will be done for seismic zone V only.
6. Analysis on plan irregularity will not be studied.
7. Exclusion of cost estimation of the building. 11
 LITERATURE REVIEW
1. Yajdhani et al. [1] :
i. The bending moment phenomena, shear force in the beams as well as columns
are more in an irregular building.

ii. There will be more damage in the higher building during seismic activity.

2. Sharma and Thapa [2] :

iii. Open ground storey building and load path discontinuous type buildings are

vulnerable than their irregular counterpart.

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3. Soni and Mistry [3] :
i. The effect of strength irregularity has been obtained to be larger than the effect
of stiffness irregularity.

4. Khosla and Pujari [4] :

ii. That the displacement of the structure decreases after applying the bracing
system when compared to the unbraced structure .

5. Titiksh A. [5] :
iii. That base shear and lateral displacement will increases as the seismic intensity

increases from low to high seismic zones and is more in mass irregularity.
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6. Quansa and Zhirong [6] :
i. Base isolation of irregular structures ensures better seismic resistance by
reducing base shear and improving damping characteristics.

7. Georgoussis et al. [7] :

ii. That basic dynamic data can be estimated with reasonable accuracy in the
study of approximate seismic analysis of the multi-story buildings with mass
and stiffness irregularities.

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 METHODOLOGY
1. Our project intends to design a multistoried building in the context of
Nepal along with the presence of stiffness irregularity. 
Seismic analysis :
2. The comparison between the two building models will be done
according to IS code 1893(part I):2016, Criteria for earthquake resistant
design of structures-General provisions and buildings,

3. The seismic analysis will be done by using response spectrum method in

ETABS.
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Why response spectrum method is preferred for seismic analysis?

1. Response spectrum analysis is a method to estimate the structural response

to short, nondeterministic , transient dynamic events such as earthquakes
and shocks.

2. The analysis can be carried out simply based on the peak value of ground
acceleration.

3. For seismic analysis, actual time history is required, which is difficult to

obtained to have at every location.

4. To overcome these problems , response spectrum method is preferred.

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 EXPECTED OUTCOMES

1. The behaviour and performance of building with vertical regularity and

irregularity (stiffness) under lateral forces will be studied.
2. The minimum required criteria to build a stable and safe building will be
identified.
3. The measures for the problems occurred due to lateral loads will be
identified.
4. The optimum location for stiffness irregularity to get minimum effect due to
lateral loads will be determined.
5. We will get familiarized with the codes of practice for earthquake resistant
design and analysis.

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 TIME SCHEDULE
28-Jun 18-Jul 7-Aug 27-Aug 16-Sep 6-Oct 26-Oct

Group Formation

Project Selection

Interaction with Supervisor

Group Interaction

Project Briefing

Project Title and Objective Confirmation

Concept Paper Preparation

Concept Paper Submission

Research for project

Literature review

Proposal Preperation and submission

Presentation of Proposal

Software introduction and training

Findings and result preperation

Project preperation and finalization

Project correction and submission

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 REFRENCES
[1] Dr. Shaik Yajdhani, S. (Sep -2016). Seismic Analysis Of RCC Building With Mass
Irregularity. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), 830-840.

[2] Latip Kumar Sharma, K. B. (2019). Seismic Risk Assessment of Vertically Irregular
Buildings. Proceedings of IOE Graduate Conference, 2019-Summer, 589-594.

[3] Devesh P. Soni, B. B. (2006). Qualitative Review Of Seismic Response Of Vertically. ISET
Journal of Earthquake Technology, 121-132.

[4] Vipul Neeraj Khosla, D. A. (2019). Seismic Analysis Of Eccentrically And Concentrically
Steel. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), 1662-1667.

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[5] Titiksh, A. (2017). Effects of irregularities on the seismic response of a medium
rise structure. ASIAN JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING (BHRC) VOL. 18, NO. 8,
1307-1314.

[6] Anthony Quansa, X. Z. (2017). Analysis of the Effects of Vertical Irregularity on

Isolated Structures. International Journal of science,Vol-06, 76-79.

[7] George Georgoussis, A. T. (2015). Approximate seismic analysis of multi- story

buildings. The 5th International Conference of Euro Asia Civil Engineering Forum
(EACEF-5), 959-966.

[8] Vaseem M. Shirore, P. (2018). Performance Evaluation of Reinforced Concrete

Building with and. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology
(IRJET), 2358-2369. 21
[9] Rosenblueth, E. a. (1969). “Response of Linear Systems to Certain Transient
Disturbances. Proceedings of the Fourth World Conference on Earthquake
Engineering. Santiago, Chile.

[10] Nikos D. Lagaros, C. C. (n.d.). Time history seismic analysis. In I. A.-K.

Michael Beer, Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering (pp. 3751–3767). Springer
Berlin Heidelberg

[11] Chapter 4 Response Spectrum Method. (n.d.). Retrieved from Nptel:

https://nptel.ac.in/content/storage2/courses/105101004/downloads/04%20Chapter.pdf

[12] Rosenblueth, E., and J. Elorduy. (n.d.). Response Spectrum Analysis-MIT.

Retrieved from MIT:
https://abaqus-docs.mit.edu/2017/English/SIMACAEANLRefMap/simaanl-c-res
ponsespectrum.html 22
[13] IS 1893(Part-I):2016, Criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures,
Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi,110002.
[14] IS 13920:2016, Ductile design and detailing of reinforced concrete
structures subjected to seismic forces – Code of Practice,
[15] IS 456:2000, Plain and Reinforced Concrete-Code of Practice, Bureau of
Indian Standards, New Delhi,110002,
[16] IS 4326:2013, Code of practice for earthquake design and construction of
buildings.
[17] IS 875(Part I):1987 Code of practice for design loads (other than
Earthquake) for Buildings and Structures – Dead Loads _ Unit weight of
building materials and stored materials.
[18] IS 875(Part II):1987 Code of practice for design loads (other than
Earthquake) for Buildings and Structures – Imposed Loads.

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THANK YOU!

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Any queries?

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