Time Response

Second Order System

Pole and Zero of a 2nd order system
Pole and Zero of a 2nd order system
Undamped
Pole and Zero of a 2nd order system
Overdamped
Pole and Zero of a 2nd order system
Critically damped
Pole and Zero of a 2nd order system
Underdamped
Pole and Zero of a 2nd order system
Underdamped
Step responses for second-order system
damping cases
Second Order System
Second Order System
 Two physically meaningful specifications for second
order system:
 Natural frequency, n
is the frequency of oscillation of the system without damping.

 Damping ratio, 
Second Order System Responses
Second Order System Responses
Second Order System
Transient Response Specification
Second Order System
Transient Response Specification
 Peak time, Tp
The time required to reach the first, or maximum, peak.

 Percent Overshoot, %OS

The amount that the waveform overshoots the steady
state-state, or final, value at the peak time, expressed as
percentage of the steady-state value.
Second Order System
Transient Response Specification

 Settling time, Ts
The time required for the transient’s damped oscillations to
reach and stay within ±2% of the steady-state value.

 Rise time, Tr
The time required for the waveform to go from 0.1 of the
final value to 0.9 of the final value.
Second Order System Specification
Second Order System Specification

%OS1 < %OS2

Tp2 < Tp1
Ts2 < Ts1