Database Management System

Zeeshan Malik
University of the Punjab
 Database Concepts

File Systems and Databases

 Outline
 What is Data
 What is Information
 Operations
 Traditional File System
 Databases
 Database Management System
 Advantages and Disadvantages of Database
Management System

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 Introducing the Database
 Data
 Data: is a collection of raw facts, figures and statistics
 Data: is related to an object.
 Data: is an asset of any organization.
 Data: helps managers to perform an effective and successful
operations of management
 Data: can be used to generate reports, graphs, statistics etc.

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 Data

A collection of facts made up of text, numbers and

dates:

Data 24 Ali Ahmed 10-Mar-1980

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 Introducing the Database

 Information - the meaning given to data in the

way it is interpreted:

Mr. Ali Ahmed is a student whose Roll no

is 24 and date of birth is 10-Mar-1980

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 Introducing the Database

 Operations (Processing)
Means manipulation of data (after capturing
from different sources)
These are categorized into three basic activities
 Data Capturing
 Data Manipulation
 Managing the Output Results

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 Introducing the Database

Data Processing Information

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 Historical Roots of Database:
Files and File Systems

 First applications focused on clerical tasks

(manual working)
 Requests for information quickly followed
 File systems developed to address needs
 Data organized according to expected use

 Data Processing (DP) specialists

computerized manual file systems
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 Historical Roots of Database:
Files and File Systems

 Why we need to study files and file system?

 Historically handling data

 Help to understand database design

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 File Terminology

 Data
 Raw Facts
 Field
 Group of characters with specific meaning
 Record
 Logically connected fields that describe a person,
place, or thing
 File and file folder
 Collection of related records

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Simple File System

Figure 1.5

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 File System Critique
 File System Data Management
 Requires extensive programming in third-generation
language (3GL): COBOL, Basic, and Fortran (what
must be done and how it is to be done)
 Time consuming
 depends on physically store data
 Make difficult to modify file system (each file has its
own system)

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 File System Critique (con’t.)
 Data Dependence
 Change in file’s data characteristics requires
modification of data access programs
 Must tell program what to do and how to do
 Makes file systems cumbersome from programming
and data management views

 Structural Dependence
 Change in file structure requires modification of
related programs

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 File System Critique (con’t.)

 Data Redundancy
 Data Inconsistency

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 Introducing the Database
What is a Database?
 Database: can be regarded as an electronic
filing cabinet
 Database: is a collection of logically related
data or files.

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 Introducing the Database

 Why Database ?
 Data Integration
 Data Integrity

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 Introducing the Database
 Benefits of Database Approach
 Redundancy
 Inconsistency
 Sharing
 Security
 Integrity

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 Introducing the Database
 Database Management System (DBMS):
 It is a computerized record keeping system
(software).
 Its responsibility is to maintain information and to
make the information available on demand.
 Manages Database structure
 Controls access to data
 Contains query language

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 Introducing the Database
 Database Management System (DBMS): Software's
 SQL Server
 Postgre SQL
 MS Access
 MY SQL
 File Maker
 Oracle
 RDBMS
 DBASE
 Clipper
 FoxPro

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 Introducing the Database
 Objectives of DBMS:
 Data must be shared (Different people can be
shared same data virtually at the same time)
 Data must be easily accessible to users.
 Data integrity control measured must be
maintained.

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 Introducing the Database
 Advantages of DBMS:
 Data Integration (Integrity)
 Redundancy Removed
 Inconsistency Removed
 Security Features
 Data Base Backup / Recovery

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 Introducing the Database
 Disadvantages of DBMS:
 Require additional System Overhead
 Additional Training required for Training of Staff
 A Need of Dictionary

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 Introducing the Database
 Features of DBMS:
 Data Dictionary
 Query Language
 Access Security
 Backup and Recovery
 Utilities

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DBMS Manages Interaction

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Database vs. File Systems

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Evolution of Database
Modals
2000s
1990s
1980s
1970s
1960s

Object oriented ?
Hierarchical
Relational
Client Oriented

Traditional Object-relational
files
Network