MOBILE IP

Presented by:
Mr. Ankit Kumar Khatik (18MCMT31 )
Ms. Jyothirmai D (18MCMT33 )
Mr. R Srinivasa Raju (18MCPC13)
Mr. V.V.S.Sai Tej (18MCMT05 )

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 Heading
Body

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 Overview
1. Introduction
 Terminology
2. Agent Discovery
3. Registration
 Registration Request
 Registration Reply
4. Routing

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 Introduction
Router uses routing table to direct packets to the appropriate interface

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 Introduction
• Host moving to another network is unreachable

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 Agent Registration
“Mobile IP registration allows mobile hosts to communicate
their location information to their home agent”
• Method by which mobile nodes:
 Request forwarding services on a foreign network
 Inform home agent of care-of address
 Renew a binding that is due to expire
 Deregister upon return to the home network
• Creates or modifies a mobility binding at home agent
 Binds mobile host’s care-off address to its home address
 Binding is valid for a registration lifetime

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 Agent Registration
• associates mobile node’s home address with its care-of address
for the specified Lifetime.
• creates or modifies a mobility binding at the home agent
•Registration request or reply is sent by UDP (port no. 434)

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 Agent Registration
• Registration procedures
 via a foreign agent that relays the registration to the mobile
node’s home agent
 directly with the mobile node’s home agent.
• Both procedures consist of exchange of registration request and
reply messages
• Which to use when?

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 Agent Registration
• Which to use when?
● Registration via foreign agent if …
■ Mobile host registers foreign agent care-off address
■ Foreign agent registration is required (R = 1 in
advertisement)
● Registration directly with home agent if …
■ Mobile host is using a colocated care-of address
■ Mobile host returns home and deregisters

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 Agent Registration
• Registration via Foreign Agent

1. FA advertises service 2. MN requests service

3. FA relays request to HA 4. HA accepts (or denies) request and
replies
5. FA relays reply to HA

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• Registration via Foreign Agent

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 Agent Registration
Registration Request Message
• Carried in UDP datagrams
• Non-zero checksum in UDP header
(receiver should check)
• TCP overhead not needed
• Include a lifetime value

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 Agent Registration
Registration Request Message Format

Image Courtesy:: TCP/IP Protocol Suite – Behrouz A. Forouzan

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 Agent Registration
Registration Request Message
Type: 1 (indicates registration request)
Flag:
S: Simultaneous bindings -- set if mobile host wants home agent to keep
its current bindings
B: Broadcast datagrams -- set if mobile host wants to receive broadcasts
on its home network
D: Decapsulation -- set to indicate that mobile host will decapsulate
datagrams sent to care-of address
M: Minimal encapsulation -- set to request home agent use minimal
encapsulation for tunneled datagrams
G: Generic routing encapsulation -- set to request home agent use GRE
for tunneled datagrams
V: Van Jacobson header compression
rsv: Two reserved bits -- sent as 0; ignored on reception

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 Agent Registration
Registration Request Message
Lifetime: Number of seconds before registration should be considered to expire
 Should not exceed that advertised by the foreign agent
 Set to 0 to delete the registration
Home address: Home IP address of the mobile host
Home agent: IP address of the mobile host’s home agent
Care-of address: IP address of the tunnel endpoint
 Colocated (e.g., obtained using DHCP)
 Foreign agent (e.g., obtained through agent discovery)
 Home address to deregister all (return to home)
Identification: 64-bit identification number constructed by mobile host
 Associates registration requests with registration replies
 Protects against replay attacks of registration messages

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 Agent Registration
Registration Reply Message Format

Image Courtesy:: TCP/IP Protocol Suite – Behrouz A. Forouzan

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 Agent Registration
Registration Reply Message

Type: 3 (indicates registration reply)

Code: Indicates result of registration request (defined in Assigned Numbers)
Registration successful
0: Registration accepted
1: Registration accepted, simultaneous registration not supported
Registration denied by foreign agent
Codes 64-88
Registration denied by home agent
Codes 128-136

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 Agent Registration
Registration Reply Message

Lifetime: Duration for which binding is valid

Home address: IP address of the mobile host
Home agent: IP address of mobile host’s home agent
Identification: 64-bit identification field
Low 32 bits matched to identification sent in request
Used for authentication

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 Agent Registration
Authentication
• Registration messages between a mobile host and its home
agent must be authenticated
• Uses mobile-home authentication extension
• Mobile hosts, home agents, and foreign agents must maintain a
mobility security association for mobile hosts, indexed by…
 Security Parameter Index (SPI)
 IP address (home address for mobile host)
• Identification field in registration request changes with each
new registration
 Provides replay protection
• Identification field in reply based on identification field in
request

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 Agent Registration
Authentication :: Security Parameter Index (SPI)

• SPI defines the security context used to compute the authenticator

value
 Authentication algorithm
 Mode
 Shared secret
• Shared secret
 Shared private key, or
 Public/private key pair

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 Agent Registration
Authentication Extension

Type: 32 Mobile-home authentication

33 Mobile-foreign authentication
34 Foreign-home authentication
Length: 4 plus length of authenticator
SPI: 4-byte SPI
Authenticator: Variable length (SPI)

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 Agent Registration
Order of Extensions
Example: Registration request from mobile host to home agent via
foreign agent

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