1

Control Systems

Week 4
Block Diagrams

Dr Naser Ahmad

Department of Mechanical Engineering

University of Engineering and Technology (UET), Lahore

2
Chronology
 Instrumentation
 Introduction to control systems (open loop and close loops)
 Identification of process/actuator/controller and measurement in
control systems
 Need of instrumentation in control systems
Quiz 1
 Sensors and transducers for mechanical measurements (stress, strain,
temperature, pressure, flow and level etc.)
Mid Exam

 Control Systems
 Block diagrams and signal flow graphs (SFGs)
 Modeling of dynamics systems
 Time domain analysis of control systems
 Quiz 2
Design of control system using different controllers.

 Control system case studies Final Exam

3
Text Books:

Mechanical measurement by Thomas G. Bechwith, Roy D.

Marangone and J.H.Linhard, 6th edition, Pearson.

Automatic Control Systems by Farid Golnaraghi and B.C Kuo, 9th

edition, John Wiley & Sons.

Reference Books:
Modern Control Systems by Richard C. Dorf and Robert H. Bishop,
12th edition, Prentice Hall.

System Dynamics by Katsuhiko Ogata, 4th edition, Pearson Prentice

Hall
4
Course Learning Objectives

Domain, PLOs
CLOs Description
Level Level
Students will be able to understand the control system (open loop
and close loop) and instrumentation system for the measurement of Cognitive, PLO1,
CLO1
temperature, pressure, flow and level for engineering applications. C2 High

Students will be able to apply the knowledge of applied mathematics

(differential equations and Laplace transform), block diagrams and
signal flow graphs for the modelling of the dynamical systems Cognitive, PLO2,
CLO2
C3 High
(mechanical, fluid, thermal and multidisciplinary systems).

Students will be able to conduct time domain analysis of control

systems for stability, steady state error and control structure (using Cognitive, PLO4,
CLO3
P, PI, PD and PID control laws). C4 High
5
 B.C.KUO

The block diagrams modeling provide control engineers a better understanding of the composition and
interconnection of the components of control systems.

Input Process/Plant Output

Bicycle
Input f(t) Mass m(kg) Speed v(t)

6
Block diagram representation of a general control system

A control system is interconnection of

subsystem to perform desired objective.

7
U(s) G1(s) G2(s) X(s)

8
Summing Points in Block Diagrams

9
U(s) G1(s) + G2(s) X(s)

10
R(s) Y(s)

11
12

R.C. Dorf
13

R.C. Dorf
15
16
( )

17
 ( )

Y = R

R Y Y
=
R
 2nd Hour Activity

19
20
21
 X(s) Y(s)

X(s) Y(s)

X(s) Y(s)

22
23
24
25
X(s) Y(s)

26
27
 D(s)
R(s)

Y(s)|D(s) = 0 Y(s)|R(s) = 0
28
 Y(s)|R(s) = 0
D(s)

R(s)

Y(s)|D(s) = 0 Y(s) = Y(s)|D(s) = 0 + Y(s)|R(s) = 0

29

29
Using Block Reduction rules
Reduce the following problem (block diagrams) to a single
block

Figure 3P-8
Figure 3P-11
Figure 3P-21
Figure 3P-30

30
End of Lecture

Jaza k Allah
Question and Answer
31