SANDIP UNIVERSITY

STATISTICAL QUALITY CONTROL

NAME - CHIRAG JAYDEEP SHEWALE
PRN - 190101091024
SUB - PMQP
DIV - SE A (23)
 DEFINITION- 2

STATISTICAL QUALITY
CONTROL
Statistical process control is a method of quality control
which employs statistical methods to monitor and control a
process. This helps to ensure that the process operates
efficiently, producing more specification-conforming
products with less waste

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CHARACTERISTICS OF S.Q.C.-:

 Designed to control quality standard of goods produced

for marketing.
 Exercise by the producers during production to assess
the quality of goods.
 Carried out with the help of certain statistical tools like
Mean Chart, Range Chart, P-Chart, C-Chart etc.
 Designed to determine the variations in quality of the
goods & limits of tolerance.

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• CAUSES OF VARIATIONS IN QUALITY-:

ASSIGNABLE CAUSES-: IT REFERS TO THOSE

CHANGES IN THE QUALITY OF THE PRODUCTS
WHICH CAN BE ASSIGNED OR ATTRIBUTED TO ANY
PARTICULAR CAUSES LIKE DEFECTIVE MATERIALS,
DEFECTIVE LABOUR, ETC.

CHANCE CAUSES-: THESE CAUSES TAKE PLACE AS

PER CHANCE OR IN A RANDOM FASHION AS A
RESULT OF THE CUMULATIVE EFFECT OF A
MULTIPLICITY OF SEVERAL MINOR CAUSES WHICH
CANNOT BE IDENTIFIED. THESE CAUSES ARE
INHERENT IN EVERY TYPE OF PRODUCTION.

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METHODS OF S.Q.C.-:

PROCESS CONTROL-: UNDER THIS THE QUALITY

OF THE PRODUCTS IS CONTROLLED WHILE THE
PRODUCTS ARE IN THE PROCESS OF PRODUCTION.
THE PROCESS CONTROL IS SECURED WITH THE
TECHNIQUE OF CONTROL CHARTS. CONTROL
CHARTS ARE ALSO USED IN THE FIELD OF
ADVERTISING, PACKING ETC. THEY ENSURES THAT
WHETHER THE PRODUCTS CONFIRM TO THE
SPECIFIED QUALITY STANDARD OR NOT.

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A CONTROL CHART IS A TIME PLOT OF A STATISTIC, SUCH AS A
6
SAMPLE MEAN, RANGE, STANDARD DEVIATION, OR PROPORTION,
WITH A CENTER LINE AND UPPER AND LOWER CONTROL LIMITS.
THE LIMITS GIVE THE DESIRED RANGE OF VALUES FOR THE
STATISTIC. WHEN THE STATISTIC IS OUTSIDE THE BOUNDS, OR
WHEN ITS TIME PLOT REVEALS CERTAIN PATTERNS, THE PROCESS
MAY BE OUT OF CONTROL.

A process is considered in statistical control if it has no

assignable causes, only natural variation.

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PURPOSE & USES OF CONTROL 7

CHARTS
1. HELPS IN DETERMINING THE QUALITY STANDARD
OF THE PRODUCTS.
2. HELPS IN DETECTING THE CHANCE & ASSIGNABLE
VARIATIONS IN THE QUALITY STANDARDS BY
SETTING TWO CONTROL LIMITS.
3. REVEALS VARIATIONS IN THE QUALITY
STANDARDS OF THE PRODUCTS FROM THE DESIRED
LEVEL.
4. INDICATES WHETHER THE PRODUCTION PROCESS
IS IN CONTROL OR NOT.
5. ENSURES LESS INSPECTION COST & TIME IN THE
PROCESS CONTROL.

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CONTROL CHATS FOR VARIABLES
V CHART/ MEAN CHART-: THIS CHART IS
CONSTRUCTED FOR CONTROLLING THE
VARIATIONS IN THE AVERAGE QUALITY
STANDARD OF THE PRODUCTS IN A
PRODUCTION PROCESS.
R-CHART-: THIS CHART IS CONSTRUCTED FOR
CONTROLLING THE VARIATIONS IN THE
DISPERSION OR VARIABILITY OF THE QUALITY
STANDARDS OF THE PRODUCTS IN A
PRODUCTION PROCESS.

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CONTROL CHARTS FOR ATTRIBUTES-:
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P-CHART-: THIS CHART IS CONSTRUCTED FOR
CONTROLLING THE QUALITY STANDARD IN THE
AVERAGE FRACTION DEFECTIVE OF THE PRODUCTS
IN A PROCESS WHEN THE OBSERVED SAMPLE ITEMS
ARE CLASSIFIED INTO DEFECTIVES & NON
DEFECTIVES.
NP-CHART-: THIS CHART IS CONSTRUCTED FOR
CONTROLLING THE QUALITY STANDARD OF
ATTRIBUTES IN A PROCESS WHERE THE SAMPLE
SIZE IS EQUAL & IT IS REQUIRED TO PLOT THE NO.
OF DEFECTIVES (NP) IN SAMPLES INSTEAD OF
FRACTION DEFECTIVES (P).

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ACCEPTANCE SAMPLING
MEANING-:
ANOTHER MAJOR AREA OF S.Q.C. IS
"PRODUCT CONTROL" OR "ACCEPTANCE
SAMPLING". IT IS CONCERNED WITH THE
INSPECTION OF MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS.
THE ITEMS ARE INSPECTED TO KNOW
WHETHER TO ACCEPT A LOT OF ITEMS
CONFORMING TO STANDARDS OF QUALITY
OR REJECT A LOT AS NON CONFORMING.

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ADVANTAGES OF S.Q.C.-: 12

> HELPFUL IN CONTROLLING QUALITY OF A

PRODUCT
> ELIMINATE ASSIGNABLE CAUSES OF
VARIATION
➤ BETTER QUALITY AT LOWER INSPECTION
COST
➤ USEFUL TO BOTH CONSUMERS &
PRODUCERS
➤ IT MAKES WORKERS QUALITY CONSCIOUS
> HELPS IN EARN GOODWILL

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LIMITATIONS-:
➤ IT CANNOT BE USED TO ALL
PRODUCTION PROCESS.
>IT INVOLVES MATHEMATICAL &
STATISTICAL PROBLEMS IN THE PROCESS
OF ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION OF
VARIATIONS IN QUALITY.
> PROVIDES ONLY AN INFORMATION
SERVICES.

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THANK YOU

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