Modals

Modal verbs are used to express functions

such as:
1. Permission
2. Ability
3. Obligation
4. Prohibition
5. Necessity
6. Advice
7. possibility
8. probability
 Modals of Obligation
• Must
• You must finish the assignment before 9 o’clock (the obligation comes from the speaker)
• Have to
• You have to wear a mask to prevent the spread of covid19 (the obligation comes from the
law, not the speaker)
• Should
• You should wear a mask to prevent the spread of covid 19 (weak obligation/suggestion)
 Modals of prohibition
• Mustn’t
• He mustn’t play here, it’s dangerous
• Can’t
• You can’t go out tonight. You’ve got homework to do.
• May not
• You may not smoke in this house
 Modals of necessity

• Need to
• I need to see a dentist. I have got toothache
• Have to
• In Indonesia, you have to submit your annual tax report
9. John can’t come because he ____ work tomorrow. (must- has to)
10.We _______ speak when the teacher is speaking. (mustn’t- don’t have to)
11. I can hear you. You _______ shout. (must’t - don’t have to)
12.She has a big problem. We ______ help her. (must- have to)