GURU NANAK INSTITUTIONS TECHNICAL CAMPUS

(AUTONOMOUS)
School of Engineering and Technology
Ibrahimpatnam , R.R District, 501506.
2020-2021.

A S T R U C T U R E D A P P R O A C H TO S O LV E T H E E I G E N VA L U E P R O B L E M
F O R A N C AT I L E V E R B E A M ( B R A C K E T ) W I T H VA R I O U S L O A D S
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
D R . S . N A G A K A LYA N
PROFESSOR

ANUSHA 18WJ5A0310
PHANI RAJ 18WJ5A0304
ANVESH 16WJ1A03F2
HEMANTH RAO 16WJ5A0315
 OBJECTIVE

A bracket is any intermediate component for fixing one part to another, usually larger, part. What makes a bracket a
bracket is that it is intermediate between the two and fixes the one to the other. Brackets vary widely in shape, but a
prototypical bracket is the L-shaped metal piece that attaches a shelf (the smaller component) to a wall (the larger component):
its vertical arm is fixed to one (usually large) element, and its horizontal arm protrudes outwards and holds another (usually
small) element. This shelf bracket is effectively the same as the architectural bracket: a vertical arm mounted on the wall, and a
horizontal arm projecting outwards for another element to be attached on top of it or below it. To enable the outstretched arm to
support a greater weight, a bracket will often have a third arm running diagonally between the horizontal and vertical arms, or
the bracket may be a solid triangle. By extension almost any object that performs this function of attaching one part to another
(usually larger) component is also called a bracket, even though it may not be obviously L-shaped. Common examples that are
often not really L-shaped at all but attach a smaller component to a larger and are still called brackets are the components that
attach a bicycle lamp to a bicycle, and the rings that attach pipes to walls.
 ABSTRACT

A wall-mounted bracket for a projection screen, relating to the technical field of projection devices, for use in resolving the problem of
how to improve the height adjustment precision of a projection screen. The wall-mounted bracket for a projection screen comprises a
guide rail, a sliding part, and a lead screw. The guide rail is fixed on a wall in a vertical direction. The sliding part is slidably connected to
the guide rail The sliding part is connected to the back surface of the projection screen the lead screw is provided with a thread, and is
threadedly connected to the sliding part. When the lead screw rotates about its own axis, the sliding partis driven by the lead screw to slide
along the guide rail in the vertical direction. The wall-mounted bracket for a projection screen is used for fixing the projection screen to
the wall.
 INTRODUCTION

Bracket is a L shaped metal support bracket that can be used to hold many things.

Cantilever Bracket is an economic, durable and easy to use system that provides a safe and versatile solution to
climbing vertical shuttering support and protected working area that is ideal for high structures with successive lifts.

Due to its high level of flexibility and adaptability, the CB 240 system can be used in almost any situation where a

vertical formwork or edge protection system is required.

It can be used in conjunction with a self-climbing system or anchored directly to the existing structure.

The system has a high load capacity of 50kn per bracket and up to 6m shuttering capability, providing a safe working

area during all stages of operation.

The main platform has a large 2.4m wide working area and allows for shutter retraction of up to 75cm from the concrete
surface.
Types of brackets are show below
1.Wall brackets

Wall brackets are of those fixed to wall for the purpose of supporting bearing, which may
either be cast with the brackets.
2. Pillar Brackets: It is used to support a horizontal shaft from a pillar where there is no wall in the way of
wheels or pulleys on the shaft.
3. Mounting Brackets: A bracket used to the back of cabinet if the slides can’t be mounted to the slide of
cabinet
 Eigenfrequency
Determining the eigenfrequencies of a structure is an important part of structural engineering. Some objectives of such
an analysis are to:

 Ascertain that a periodic excitation does not cause a resonance that may lead to excessive stresses or noise emission

 Ascertain that a periodic excitation causes a resonance in, for example, a piezoelectric vibrator

 Check if a quasistatic analysis of a structure is appropriate based on the fact that all natural frequencies are high
when compared to the frequency content of the loading.

 Investigate suitable choices of time steps or frequencies for a subsequent dynamic response analysis

 Provide eigenmodes for a subsequent analysis based on mode superposition

 No Damping

Damped Systems
 Modal Stresses
It's not only the displacements of an eigenmode that can be computed and visualized, but also other quantities, like stresses or
strains. Just like the displacements, the actual values are arbitrary, but the stress distribution can give insight into how an
excitation of a certain mode can affect stresses. This information can be used for design changes when the excitation is known to

have a narrow-band frequency content .

 LITERATURE REVIEW
Umesh S. Ghorpade et. al. has investigated in their research, carried out finite element analysis on engine mounting bracket. In
their work materials used were aluminium alloy, magnesium alloy and Gray cast iron. For analysing nonlinear problems, FEA is
one of the best methods. It requires geometric inputs such as mesh generation. Various types of models can be applied for
generating mesh such as solid works, three dimensional CAD systems. For this engine mounting bracket mesh were generated
considering the mid surface and hex dominant quadrilateral and triangular elements.
Mesh were generated using ANSYS (version 12) software (Figure 3), while at concluding remarks in the analysis Al alloy and
Mg alloy have shown the same nature of natural frequency.

While judging the suitability between Al and Mg alloy, due good damping characteristics, Mg alloy can be preferred over Al and
gray CI.

Monali Deshmukh et. al. have carried out their research in Analysis and Optimization of Engine Mounting Bracket reviewing
that the brackets which supports the engine have to withstand against high static and dynamic deformations. Characteristics of
bracket were determined by static structural and model analysis using ANSYS 15 package. Major influencing parameter taken
was the acceleration.

The existing model was changed for its rib geometry. Results were compaired for both the designs .
 MODELING AND ANALYSIS
The model of bracket which we are performing in the analysis is

Geometry of the Bracket

 Materials
Structural Steel
Structural steel is a category of steel used for making construction materials in a variety of shapes. Many structural
steel shapes take the form of an elongated beam having a profile of a specific cross section
Structural steel is a carbon steel, meaning it has a carbon content of up to 2.1 percent by weight. After iron, carbon is the
most important element in carbon steel. Increasing the amount of carbon in the composition of steel results in materials that
have high strength and low ductility .

Structural Steel is one of the most flexible and versatile building materials on earth. Engineers have used structural steel to
accomplish feats thought impossible, building massive skyscrapers and expansive bridges that have remained for hundreds
of years
CONTACT ANALYSIS
A Static Linear Analysis” in the Introduction to the Structural Mechanics Module book. In the original model, a
displacement constraint is used to represent the mounting bolts, while in the current model the bolts and the fixation
plate are modeled (see Figure ).
The contact pressures between the bracket, the bolts, and the plate are computed. In the first study, the bolts are
assumed to be bonded to the bracket and the plate, and the pretension in the bolts is applied. In a second study, an
external load is applied to the bracket arm and contact forces including friction is computed between all parts of the
assembly.
Geometry For Contact Analysis

Fig: The geometry of the bracket, the bolts, and the mounting plate.
STATIC ANALYSIS
The various examples based on a bracket geometry form a suite of tutorials which summarizes the fundamentals when
modeling structural mechanics problems in COMSOL Multiphysics and the Structural Mechanics Module. This is the
most fundamental model in the suite, and includes the definition of material properties and boundary conditions. After the
solution is computed, you learn how to analyze results and check the reaction forces.
The model used in this guide is a bracket made of steel. This type of bracket can be used to install an actuator that is
mounted on a pin placed between the two holes in the bracket arms. The geometry is shown in Figure
Fig Geometry 1
Fig below shows the loads applied to the bracket
Strain Analysis

This tutorial is an extension of the example described in the section “The Fundamentals: A Static Linear
Analysis” in the Introduction to the Structural Mechanics Module. The same model is also available as a
standalone model in the Application Libraries as Bracket - Static Analysis. In the previous example, the
pin was only considered as providing a load, whereas in this example, the pin is actually modeled as
shown in Figure 1
EIGEN FREQUENCIES

This tutorial is an extension of the example described in the section “The Fundamentals: A Static Linear Analysis” in the
Introduction to the Structural Mechanics Module. The model geometry is represented in Figure

Fig Model Geometry

Eigenfrequency (Hz) Frequency (Hz) Frequency, Prestress (Hz)
114.38 114.38 106.99
115.58 115.58 128.02
289.85 289.85 290.42
308.18 308.18 310.10
365.13 365.13 367.01
583.20 583.20 590.76
608.82 608.82 613.88
629.19 629.19 635.00
693.40 693.40 698.60
711.24 711.24 712.44
Table: Global Evaluation
Parameters

Name Expression Value Description

P0 20[MPa] 2E7 Pa Peak load intensity
YC -300[mm] −0.3 m Y coordinate of hole center

Name Expression Value Description

P0 25[MPa] 2.5E7 Pa Peak load intensity
YC -300[mm] −0.3 m Y coordinate of hole center

Name Expression Value Description

P0 30[MPa] 3 E7 Pa Peak load intensity
YC -300[mm] −0.3 m Y coordinate of hole center

Name Expression Value Description

P0 35[MPa] 3.5E7 Pa Peak load intensity
YC -300[mm] −0.3 m Y coordinate of hole center
 Mesh

The steps below show how to visualize the load distribution in the current geometry
before computing the solution. he four main types of elements are tetrahedral, bricks, shells and beams. As a general rule
tetrahedral elements are used with automatic meshers for complex geometry such as bearing housings. Brick elements are
also used for complex geometry but require more user input. Shells are generally used for constant thickness structures
such as pressure vessels. Beams are widely used for steel structures. Other elements include springs, wedges etc
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Results for Contact Analysis

In general, contact analysis is to find the contact point and the contact force at the contact point,
including contact pressure and frictional force. In finite element analysis, either displacement or force is
known at the boundary and the other unknown variable is solved through the equilibrium requirements
X Y Z Displacement magnitude (mm)
-0.10750 -0.34985 -0.0039229 1.0733

Dataset: Study 2/Solution 2

RESULTS FOR STATIC ANALYSIS
Static analysis, also called static code analysis, is a method of computer program debugging that is done by
examining the code without executing the program. The process provides an understanding of
the code structure and can help ensure that the code adheres to industry standards.
RESULTS FOR STRAIN ANALYSIS

Description Value
Solution Solution 1
Component Component 1 (comp1)

Dataset: Study 1/Solution 1

RESULTS FOR EIGEN ANALYSIS
Natural frequency, also known as eigenfrequency, is the frequency at which a system tends to oscillate in the
absence of any driving or damping force. The motion pattern of a system oscillating at its natural frequency is
called the normal mode (if all parts of the system move sinusoidally with that same frequency).

Eigenfrequency (Hz) Angular frequency (rad/s) Damping ratio (1) Quality factor (1)
114.38 718.70 0.0000 Inf
115.58 726.24 0.0000 Inf
289.85 1821.2 0.0000 Inf
308.18 1936.4 0.0000 Inf
365.13 2294.2 0.0000 Inf
583.20 3664.3 0.0000 Inf
608.82 3825.3 0.0000 Inf
629.19 3953.3 0.0000 Inf
693.40 4356.8 0.0000 Inf
711.24 4468.8 0.0000 Inf
Eigenfrequencies FOR 20 Mpa

1. Maximum Endurance Limit

The endurance limit (Se) of a material is defined as the stress below which a material can endure an infinite number of
repeated load cycles without exhibiting failure

Endurance Limit Expressed as a Percentage of Modulus of Rupture of Plain Concrete The endurance limit (EL1) is defined
as the maximum flexural fatigue stress at which the beam could withstand 2 million cycles of non
reversed fatigue loading, expressed as a percentage of modulus of rupture of plain
Eigenfrequencies FOR 25 Mpa
1. Maximum Endurance Limit

The endurance limit (Se) of a material is defined as the stress below which a material can endure an infinite number of
repeated load cycles without exhibiting failure

Endurance Limit Expressed as a Percentage of Modulus of Rupture of Plain Concrete The endurance limit (EL1) is defined
as the maximum flexural fatigue stress at which the beam could withstand 2 million cycles of non
reversed fatigue loading, expressed as a percentage of modulus of rupture of plain
RESULTS FOR 30 Mpa
1. Maximum Endurance Limit

The endurance limit (Se) of a material is defined as the stress below which a material can endure an infinite number of
repeated load cycles without exhibiting failure

Endurance Limit Expressed as a Percentage of Modulus of Rupture of Plain Concrete The endurance limit (EL1) is defined
as the maximum flexural fatigue stress at which the beam could withstand 2 million cycles of non
reversed fatigue loading, expressed as a percentage of modulus of rupture of plain
RESULTS FOR 35 Mpa
The endurance limit (Se) of a material is defined as the stress below which a material can endure an infinite number of
repeated load cycles without exhibiting failure

Endurance Limit Expressed as a Percentage of Modulus of Rupture of Plain Concrete The endurance limit (EL1) is defined
as the maximum flexural fatigue stress at which the beam could withstand 2 million cycles of non
reversed fatigue loading, expressed as a percentage of modulus of rupture of plain
Participation Factors
Participati Participati Participati Participati Participati Participati
Effective Effective Effective Effective Effective Effective
on factor, on factor, on factor, on factor, on factor, on factor,
modal modal modal modal modal modal
Eigenfrequ normalize normalize normalize normalize normalize normalize
mass, X- mass, Y- mass, Z- mass, X- mass, Y- mass, Z-
ency (Hz) d, X- d, Y- d, Z- d, X- d, Y- d, Z-
translation translation translation rotation rotation rotation
translation translation translation rotation rotation rotation
(kg) (kg) (kg) (kg*m^2) (kg*m^2) (kg*m^2)
(1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)

106.99 1.0034 0.014680 -0.036965 0.0038006 0.0012370 0.13211 1.0068 2.1551E-4 0.0013664 1.4445E-5 1.5302E-6 0.017454
-
128.02 0.97961 -0.020076 0.045017 -2.9258E-4 0.12290 0.95963 4.0303E-4 0.0020265 2.0842E-5 8.5603E-8 0.015103
0.0045653
- -
290.42 0.048178 0.84905 -1.3891 0.18559 0.0023211 0.72089 1.9295 0.034444 5.3772E-5 2.2539E-5
0.0073330 0.0047475
-
310.10 1.3021 -0.035254 0.058910 -0.14414 -0.11066 1.6955 0.0012428 0.0034704 5.9483E-5 0.020776 0.012245
0.0077125
367.01 0.64141 0.012134 -0.028667 0.0029638 0.087151 0.022660 0.41140 1.4724E-4 8.2180E-4 8.7841E-6 0.0075952 5.1349E-4
590.76 0.043909 -0.051317 0.016213 -1.3437E-4 0.0018875 -6.2416E-4 0.0019280 0.0026334 2.6285E-4 1.8056E-8 3.5626E-6 3.8958E-7
-
613.88 0.65653 -0.024146 -0.053931 0.030153 0.0046805 0.43103 5.8303E-4 0.0029086 4.7466E-5 9.0920E-4 2.1907E-5
0.0068896
-
635.00 0.20311 0.10709 0.25719 0.029080 0.0085276 0.041252 0.011468 0.066148 8.4566E-4 7.2721E-5 2.8429E-5
0.0053319
698.60 0.20396 -0.040416 -0.23369 -0.017055 0.0036023 -0.048472 0.041601 0.0016335 0.054609 2.9088E-4 1.2976E-5 0.0023496
-
712.44 0.023493 0.18977 1.2811 0.088871 5.6968E-4 5.5193E-4 0.036014 1.6411 0.0078981 3.2454E-7 5.6184E-5
0.0074956
CONCLUSION

The task is worried towards expanding the safe load by changing the for applied pressures for cantilever bracket .The
cantilever bracket is demonstrated utilizing the COMSOL programming . The pressure and life analysis is finished utilizing
CAMSOL 5.6 workbench. Stress and strain and lifes according to the material properties.
The stress indused is Von misses stress . The ultimate strength of the structural steel is 135x10^6 N/m^2 the
the eigen analysis is done by 4 different pressure variations the maximum pressure used for eigen analysis for cantilever
beam is 35 Mpa the the maximum frequency deflection is given as 3.5x10^6 N/m^2 hence the cantilever bracket
prerformence in the test is safe .