Least bound, Least

upper bound

Reporter:
Brian M.
Laraňo
https://
www.slideshare.net/lucysolischar/the-fundamental-thorem-of-algebra?qid=d604d604-e654-4a7e-83e0150c
https://
www.slideshare.net/lucysolischar/the-fundamental-thorem-of-algebra?qid=d604d604-e654-4a7e-83e0150c
https://
www.slideshare.net/lucysolischar/the-fundamental-thorem-of-algebra?qid=d604d604-e654-4a7e-83e0150c
The Least upper-bound property of R can be used to prove many of the main foundational
theorems in real analysis.

https://
www.slideshare.net/lucysolischar/the-fundamental-thorem-of-algebra?qid=d604d604-e654-4a7e-83e0150c
https://
www.slideshare.net/lucysolischar/the-fundamental-thorem-of-algebra?qid=d604d604-e654-4a7e-83e0150c
https://
www.slideshare.net/lucysolischar/the-fundamental-thorem-of-algebra?qid=d604d604-e654-4a7e-83e0150c
https://
www.slideshare.net/lucysolischar/the-fundamental-thorem-of-algebra?qid=d604d604-e654-4a7e-83e0150c
 9TH GRADE

INTRODUCTION
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun
and the smallest one in the Solar System
—it’s only a bit larger than our Moon
Bolzano–Weierstrass Theorem
The Bolzano–Weierstrass theorem for R states that every sequence xn of real numbers in a closed
interval [a, b] must have a convergent subsequence. This theorem can be proved by considering the set
S  =  {s ∈ [a, b]  :  s ≤ xn for infinitely many n} .
Clearly b is an upper bound for S, so S has a least upper bound c. Then c must be a limit point of the
sequence xn, and it follows that xn has a subsequence that converges to c.

https://sli
deplayer.
com/slide
/5191816/
Extreme value Theorem
Let f : [a, b] → R be a continuous function and let M = sup f ([a, b]), where M = ∞ if f ([a, b]) has no upper bound.
The extreme value theorem states that M is finite and f (c) = M for some c ∈ [a, b]. This can be proved by
considering the set S  =  {s ∈ [a, b]  :  sup f ([s, b]) = M} . If c is the least upper bound of this set, then it follows
from continuity that f (c) = M.

http://ww.math
gotserved.com
/extreme-
value-
theorem.html
Heine–Borel Theorem
Let [a, b] be a closed interval in R, and let {Uα} be a collection of open sets that covers [a, b]. Then the Heine
Borel theorem states that some finite sub collection of {Uα} covers [a, b] as well. This statement can be proved by
considering the set
S  =  {s ∈ [a, b]  :  [a, s] can be covered by finitely many Uα} .
This set must have a least upper bound c. But c is itself an element of some open set Uα, and it follows
that [a, c + δ] can be covered by finitely many Uα for some sufficiently small δ > 0. This proves
that c + δ ∈ S, and it also yields a contradiction unless c = b.
 9TH GRADE

https://
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Least-upper-bound_property
https://slideplayer.com/slide/12331981/