INTRAVENOUS FLUIDS

IN MEDICINE AND USES

DR OKAGBUE IZUCHUKWU IFEANYI (HOUSE OFFICER)
 OUTLINE
• INTRODUCTION

• CLASSIFICATION OF INTRAVENOUS FLUIDS

• BLOOD AND PRODUCTS

• NON BLOOD INTRAVENOUS FLUIDS

• FLUIDS IN SPECIFIC CONDITIONS

• REFERENCES
DEXTROSE SOLUTIONS
• 5% Dextrose water
• 4.3% Dextrose and saline 0.18%
• Dextrose 5% with 0.9% saline
• 10% Dextrose water
• 50% Dextrose water
 CRYSTALLOIDS (TYPES)
• HYPOTONIC e.g. 5%dextrose water

• ISOTONIC e.g. Normal saline, ringers lactate

• HYPERTONIC e.g. 10% dextrose, 50%dextrose

10% and 50% DEXTROSE
• COMPOSITION
1 litre of 10% dextrose has 100gm of glucose
1litre of 50% dextrose has 500gm of glucose

• PHARMACOLOGICAL BASES
Supply energy and prevent catabolism
 INDICATIONS
 Rapid correction of hypoglycaemia
In liver disease if given as firstdrip inhibits glycogenolyis and
gluconeogenesis
Nutrition to patients on maintenance fluid therapy
Treatment of hyperkalaemia with insulin

 LIMITATIONS
In patients with dehydration, anuria, intracranial hemorrhage and delirium
Avoided in patients with diabetes unless there is hypoglycaemia.
HYPEROSMOLAR FLUIDS
• MANNITOL