Name: M.

Haseeb Razzak

Reg No: 2017-ag-10124

Degree: BSc (hons) Agri Sciences

Major: Biotechnology

University Of Agriculture Faislabad

Topic: Internship progressive Report on
Cotton

Cotton Research Station (CRS)

Ayub Agricultural Research Institute
(AARI)
 INTRODUCTION OF COTTON

• Scientific Name: Gossypium hirsutum

• Family: Malvaceae
• Sowing Time: April - July
• Harvesting Time: August – December
• Contribution in national GDP: 1%
• Mean Production in Pakistan: 23.5 Mends per Acre
INTRODUCTION OF COTTON

Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fibre that grows in a boll, or protective

capsule, around the seeds of
cotton plants of the genus Gossypium. The fibre
is almost pure cellulose. Under natural conditions,
the cotton bolls will tend to increase the dispersion of the seeds. The
plant is a shrub native to
tropical and subtropical regions around the world, including the
Americas, Africa, and India. The
greatest diversity of wild cotton species is found in Mexico, followed by
Australia and Africa.
Cotton was independently domesticated in the Old and New Worlds.
 History

Cotton was first cultivated in old world seven hundred years ago
(5th millennium BC-4th millennium BC), by the inhabitants of
Indus valley civilization, a civilization that covered a huge swath of
north-western part of the Indian subcontinent, comprising today
parts of eastern Pakistan and North-western India. The Indus cotton
industry was well developed, and some methods used in cotton
spinning and
fabrication continued to be used until the modern
industrialization of India. Well before the Common Era, the use of
cotton textiles had spread from India to Mediterranean and beyond.
Genetic Makeup

Cotton plant is annual and perennial in nature. It belongs to

genus Gossypium, order Malvales and family Malvaceae. This
genus comprises of more than 50 wilds, cultivated and lint less
species. These are subdivided into 8 genomes i.e. A, B, C, D, E, F,
G and K widely scattered over five continents. It is found in
regions of high temperature. G. arboreum and G. Herbaceum
are diploid with n=13(2n=26 chromosomes). These two species
are mainly grown on tropical and subtropical regions of the old
world. G. hirsutum, G. barbadense and four other wild
species (G.darvium, G.lanceolatum, G.mustilanum and
G.tomentosum are tetraploid n=26, 2n=52 chromosomes.)
Importance Of Cotton

Cotton is a multipurpose crop that supplies five basic products:

lint, oil, meal, seed hulls and linters. The lint is the most
important product of the cotton plant, which provides high-
quality fibre for the textile industry. The most important by-
product of the seed is oil, which is used primarily for cooking and
feed is used for animal nutrition. Pakistan is the fourth largest
producer of cotton in the world , Cotton contribute about 1.4%
to GDP and 6.7% in agriculture value addition. It is an
important source of raw material to the textile industry. During
July-March 2013-14, textile industry made foreign exchange of
US$ 10.385 billion.
Main stages of growth and development

• Germination and emergence

• Vegetative Growth
• Boll development
• Enlargement phase
• Filling Phase
• Boll Maturation
 Preparation Of Cotton Seed

Cleaning:
Before ginning we done cleaning of cotton. During picking of cotton by hand or with machine
some remaining of leaves or small sites and small insect’s remains within cotton.
Ginning:
The process in which we separate cotton seeds from cotton fiber is called ginning. We do gin with
machines they separate seeds and through them inside bucket
attached with
machine and separate cotton fiber on other side of machine.

Delinting:
Delinting is generally done in two stages, in the first stage a light cut is taken and in the 2nd stage more
severe cut is allowed. The fiber length of the first lint is much longer than the second cut lint. Long fiber
is preferred for the use in paper and artificial silk industry, the recovery of lint varies from seed to seed
depending on its original lint content.
Preparation Of Cotton Seed

Washing and drying:

The residue can be washed away with water after Delinting. After washing,
the seed need to be neutralized with soda ash, lime or anhydrous ammonia,
which is regard as the wet acid method. We usually neutralize it with water.
However, the concentrated sulphuric acid is extremely corrosive
to machinery and dangerous to handle. Some serious problems could emerge,
like consuming a large amount of energy to dry the seed and causing soil and
water pollution.
Drying:
After washing we drying our seeds in sun light for 4-5 hours. When moisture
is completely dry
than we treat our seed with chemical like fungicides and pesticides.
Storage of Seed

• Cotton seed must be handled from beneath the gin stands and
placed either in a temporary or long-term storage facility. For long-
term storage, aeration is necessary to reduce seed temperature and
moisture, and minimize mold growth and insect activity within the
seed.
• Cottonseed is hygroscopic and therefore absorbs moisture from or
gives up moisture to the surrounding air. Storage temperatures
below 60°F and 10% moisture content provide best storage
conditions.
• Long-term cottonseed storage facilities must be equipped with
an aeration system. A properly designed aeration system must
have: aeration ducts to distribute air through the cottonseed, 29
• properly sized supply pipes to transport the air,
BREEDING METHODS

Commonly used breeding method for genetic improvement

of cotton crop are given below:
➢ Introduction
➢ Pure line selection
➢ Mass selection
➢ Pedigree method
➢ Back cross method
➢ Bulk method
➢ Synthetic and composite variety
FIBER TESTING LAB

USTER HVI 1000 is the global reference tool for cotton

classification, producing accurate and reliable results. It is the
only cotton classification instrument in the world. USTER HVI
1000 rapidly provides full reports on different important fiber
quality characteristics viz., staple length, fiber strength, fiber
fineness, fiber maturity, colour, and moisture content
of the fiber.
FIBER TESTING LAB

Working in CRIFTL
I worked on USTER HVI 1000 machine in fiber testing lab. This machine can analyse
different fiber traits at a time automatically. It can measure fiber fineness, strength,
length, colour , maturity, etc.
Required laboratory conditions
It is recommended that the instrument be operated in a controlled environment, in
accordance with the following ASTM standards, as
ASTM D1776:
Humidity 65% (±2%)
Temperature 21oC (±1oC), 70oF ±2oF
To attain moisture equilibrium of a cotton sample, a conditioning time of at least 24
hours is required, 48 hours is preferred.
Air requirement:
The system requires 100 -150 psi (700-1034 kPa) of clean, dry, unregulated
compressed air.
 Receiving and handling of sample

1) Only lint fiber sample should be provided.

2) Lint fiber sample should be clean, sound, healthy, mature, and free from any kind of insect
pest attack.
3) Sample from mature boll retaining 8% moisture are accepted for testing in CRIFTL.
4) Sample should be properly labelled with following information.
• Type
• Location and date
• Target parameters
5) Sample weighing less than 50 grams lint should be rejected.
6) Transportation and storage of sample should be of acceptable standards.

7) Sample should be properly scaled, and storage should not be more than 25oC ±3oC during
transportation. The sample fulfilling above information is then received and allotted a confidential
code by MR before going for quality analysis studies.
 Testing of sample

• Enter the Bale ID via the keyboard.

– Place a 10-gram cotton sample in the micronaire chamber and close the door.
– The test is performed, and the cotton sample ejected from the micronaire chamber. The cotton
sample can be re used up to 3 times.
– Place a cotton sample in each side of color tray. Press the start button, the color tray is moved to the
measuring position.
–
The cotton sample is measured for the cotton sample in the front tray, and then the rear tray is
positioned for measurement.
– Place 5g lint sample in length strength chamber, press the START button, the system automatically
forms the cotton sample beard, the comb slide along the track to the brusher.
– After brushing the cotton sample beards are moved into position for measuring length, uniformity,
strength, and elongation.
– The system ejects the material remaining in the sampler drums. Turns the combs to the start position
and disposes of the cotton sample beards.
– As the test are completed for the cotton sample, the results are displayed on the screen and
transmitted to the host.
• USTER HVI-1000 can perform 1000 samples in 8 hours shift
Report generation and dispatch And Sample
discard

• After the determination of the quality parameters by the

authorized analyst, the sample is again given its actual name
or number by SRU in charge/MR and its report is provided or
sent to the client within due period.
• The sample are retained for the period of three months and
then discarded.
Summary

Internship has been a wonderful opportunity for polishing various

facets of a student’s personality. This is a kind of experience which
Incorporates professionalism and confidence. I was placed
“Cotton Research Station” (CRS), Faisalabad, for internship
training from 15.03.2021 to 17.05.2021. CRS has well developed
field, from where I learnt a lot of things such as how to maintain
discipline, regularity and how research should be done. At CRS,
Mrs. Iram Sharif was my internship station supervisor. During the
period of my internship, I learned a lot of things in cotton field for
research purpose like different breeding method and data
recording of cotton plant characters. I am highly thankful to Mrs.
Iram Sharif who remained supportive to me in this whole tenure
and guided at all steps of my internship.