1.

Nodes
2. Continuity
3. Co-ordinate system

Y. B. Kumbhar
Nodes

• Primary
• Secondary
• Internal Nodes
Nodal Unknowns and Concept of Continuity

• Zeroth order continuity

• First order continuity

• Second order continuity

Co-ordinate system

• Global co-ordinates

• Local co-ordinates

• Natural co-ordinates
Global Co-ordinates
Local Co-ordinates
Local co-ordinates
 Natural Co-ordinates

• Used for specifying point within the element by using dimensionless

numbers, whose magnitude never exceeds unity.

• It is obtained by assigning weightages to the nodal coordinates in defining

the coordinate of any point inside the element.
Natural Co-ordinate in 1D – first method
Natural Co-ordinate in 1D – Second method