AS PER DGCA SYLLABUS----PRESSURE, TEMPERATURE, & DENSITY

---VERTICAL PRESSURE DECREASES BY 50% AT 5.5KM, TEMPERATURE ALSO

DECREASES BY HT AND DENSITY ALSO DECREASES BY HT
Solar energy is short wave, electromagnetic waves, means intense heat
energy, long wave radiation given by earth between sunset-sunrise is
long wave radiation & has cooling effect
Conduction is transference of heat energy in same media, here
within the vessel, convection is transference of heat energy
from one media to another media, here from vessel to space,
while radiation is direct transference of heat energy & it
doesn’t need any media e.g. solar radiation
DIURNAL MEANS CHANGES IN WEATHER
ELEMENTS IN 24HRS
• What is diurnal variation pressure?
• diurnal variation of pressure. A variation of pressure for 24 hrs period.
there are two maximum and two minimum pressures per day, and they
occur at a constant local time every day [except when there is any
significant change in meteorological elements].
• diurnal variation of temperature is the variation between a high
temperature and a low temperature that occurs for 24 hrs period
[except when there is any significant change in meteorological
elements]
• Diurnal variation of humidity is when the solar energy is high
humidity will be minimum,when the solar energy is minimum
humidity will be very high for 24hrs period [except when there is any
significant change in meteorological elements]
SOLAR ENERGY IM MOTION ,WATER BODY, & LAND BODY
GENERATES WEATHER
MAXIMUM TIME SOLAR ENERGY IS IN E.REGION

• DEC 21-23 AT
• T. OF CAPRICON HENCE SUMMER IN S.HEM.& SUMMER IN N.HEM.
ALSO,SOLAR RAYS BECOME SLANT AS DISTANCE INCREASES,HENCE 6
MONTHS NIGHT AT ARTIC CIRCLE,POLAR REGION ,60-90 LAT N.HEM.
• -------------------------------------------------
• MARCH 21-23 AT EQATOUR
• ,ALSO SEPT 21-23 AT EQUATOR
• .HENCE HIGHEST HEAT ENERGY AT 00-30 LAT N&S,DUE TO HORIZONTAL
RAYS PERPENDICULAR TO EARTH ,SUNNY MORNINGS,LATE EVENING
CONVECTIVE CB CLOUDS,HEAVY RAINFALL LATE EVENINGS &
NIGHTS,AGAIN SUNNY MORNINGS,SUCH CB CLOUDS, HEAVY RAINFALL
IS CALLED AIR MASS TS,DURATION IS 5-7HRS APPROX.
• JUNE 21-23 AT
• T.OF CANCER HENCE SUMMER IN N.HEM.& WINTER IN S.HEM.
ALSO,SOLAR RAYS BECOME SLANT AS DISTANCE INCREASES,HENCE 6
MONTHS NIGHT AT ANTARARTIC CIRCLE,POLAR REGION ,60-90 LAT S.HEM.
• ------------------------------------------------
• MECHANISM OF TS CLOUD-
• S O L A R E N E R G Y H E AT S T H E O C E A N ,WAT E R B E C O M E S
U N S AT U R AT E D M O I S T U R E W I T H H E AT E N E R G Y, W H E N M O I S T U R E
I S WA R M , I T B E C O M E S L I G H T,W H E N I T I S L I G H T I T R I S E S
V E R T C A L LY U P WA R D S , U N S AT U R AT E D M O I S T U R E B E C O M E S
S AT U R AT E D , T H E R E I S C H A N G E O F S TAT E F R O M VA P O U R TO
L I Q U I D ,T H I S L I Q U I D I S C L O U D D R O P L E T S , S I Z E I S M I L L I M I C R O N , &
TRILLIONS OF MILLIMICRONS IS CALLED CLOUDS. MORE THE
VERICAL DEVEOLMENT OF CLOUDS MORE INTENSE WILL BE
R A I N FA L L , S U C H S T R O N G V E R Y H I G H V E R T I C A L H E I G H T S C L O U D S
A R E C A L L E D C U M U L O N I M B U S C L O U D D E N OT E D A S ‘ C B ’ C L O U D S .
MECHANISM OF CLOUD FORMATION
• SOLAR ENERGY-WATER GETS
HEATED- IT BECOMES
WARM-WARM MEANS-
LIGHT IN WEIGHT –LIGHT
MEANS-VERTICALLY RISING
& RISING-REACHES 0 DEG
CONDENATION LEVEL-
CHANGES STATE FM
VAPOUR-LIQUID-RELEASES
LATENT HEAT &
SUBSIQUENTLY BECOMES
CLOUD CALLED CONVECTIVE
CLOUD & PHENOMENA IS
CALLED CONVECTION