Archaebacteria & Eubacteria

• Member of monera
• Prokariotic cell
 Archaebacteria
Characteristics
• Non peptidoglycan cell wall(composed of
pseudo peptidoglycans. )
• Peptidoglycan (murein) is a polymer consisting
of sugars and amino acids
• Extreme environments
 Classification Archaebacteria
1. Methanogens
 Obligate anaerobes
 Produce methane (salah satu bahan bakar yang
penting dalam pembangkitan listrik)
 Live in swamps, sewage,digestive tracts
 Eg . Methanobacterium (swamps)
Methanosarcina (hidup di sumur minyak,
pembuangan sampah, ventilasi hidrotermal laut
dalam, dan sedimen yang kehabisan oksigen di
bawah rumput laut
2. Halophiles
 Inhabit saturated salt solutions (Death Ocean
& Great salt lake) to make energy
 Eg. Halobacterium halobium
3. Thermoacidophiles
 In high temperature and acid degree
(temperatur dan derajat keasaman tinggi) like
active volcanoes and hot water sources
 Eg. Sulfolobus
 EUBACTERIA
• Members : bacteria and cyanobacteria
• Structure bacteria
• Cell wall composed peptidoglycan
• Capsule or slime made of carbohydrates or
phospor owned by virulent bacteria
(pathogen's or microbe's ability to infect or
damage a host)
Classified by location of flagella
• Piliare formed on certain bacterial cells and
are important for bacteriophage attachment,
conjugation bridges for gene transfer (transfer
of antibiotic resistance plasmids for example)
• Fimbriaeare smaller and are important for
attachment –E. coliattachment to intestinal
cells
 Glycocalyx – outer coating on bacteria – 2
typess
• Capsule– Protects bacteria from
phagocytosis–
• Eg. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Bacillus
anthracis
• Slime layer– Enable attachment and
aggregation of bacterial cells. Source of
nutrients?
• Cell wall-made up of linked N-acetyl glucosamine
(NAG) and N-acetyl muramic acid (NAM)
• Gram POSITIVE cell wall
–Thickpeptidoglycan (PG) layer
– Acidic polysaccharides
• Gram NEGATIVE cell wall
–ThinPG layer
– Outer membrane
– Lipid polysaccharides
 Cell Membrane
• Phospholipid bilayer and integral proteins
• Function:
1) Selective permeability
2) 2) Energy reactions
3) 3) Synthesis of moleculess
Shape of bacteria
 Reproduction
• Asexsual : binary fission
• Sexsual –conjugation
 Type of bacteria
• Based on Oxygen Requirement
1. Aerobe bacteria (An aerobic organism or aerobe is an
organism that can survive and grow in an oxygenated
environment)
E.g.Acetobacter,Nitrobacter,Nitrococcus,
Nitrosomonas
2. Anaerobe bacteria (is any organism that does not
require oxygen for growth.
E.g.
Lactobacillus,Clostridium,Streptococcus,Bacillus,
Escherichia, Enterobacter
Based on obtained energy/nutrition
1.Bakteri heterotrof Parasit & Saprophytic
a. Parasit e.g Mycobacterium tubercolusis
b. Saprophytic(from dead organism) E.coli
2. Autrotoph (Photoautrotoph and
Chemoautrotoph)
The importance
• In medical : E.coli help food digestion and
supply vit.K
• In Tecnologi and science:genetic engineering
(recobinant DNA)