Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Group 6
Bhavesh Agrawal PGP/22/242
Abhishek Modi PGP/22/244
Amaan Lulania PGP/22/261
Roshni Sambrani PGP/22/279
Vinisha Ayyappan PGP/22/410
Rishabh Sinha
PGP/22/158
Project History and Players
In early 1970s, an oil companies’ consortium discovered oil in Chad
By 1979, growing civil unrest forced the suspension of development of
the oil fields
In Feb 1996, MOU was signed between Chad, Cameroon and a
reorganized consortium
In Nov 1999, Elf and Shell dropped out of the consortium
The
Project
($3.7 Bn)
595
bbl
mn
$15.25/bbl 205 104 -344 60% 35% <0%
Poverty alleviation
Cameroon
Cameroon was still a poor nation, ranking 134 out of 174 countries on UN Development
index and 99 out of 99 in terms of corruption according to Transparency International
• Employment opportunities
NGO
• Poverty alleviation
•CoPnusbolicrtinu
i frmastorufcOtuirleCimop
The environmental and social relations/image of the companies will improve by
mropvaenmieenst
providing the additional technical expertise
Revenue and resources
World Bank’s involvement
As Chad was a risky country to invest in, the sponsors and lenders wouldn’t invest
without some kind of protection against political risk
Hence, the Sponsors considered including one or more multilateral development
agencies as partners in the deal.
The World Bank was the logical choice because it had extensive lending and policy
experience with developing countries and had been working with the two countries for
many years.
Without the International Finance Corporation (IFC)/World Bank‘s involvement, the Chad
Cameroon Pipeline Project would not have gotten off the ground.
The senior management was intrigued with the proposal for mainly three reasons
The project was viable and it would be Bank’s responsibility to ensure that the host countries
received returns in proportion to risks that they would bear
The project could help jump start Chad’s listless economy
Bank could play an important role in protecting the environment as well as indigenous
people
World Bank’s involvement
The IFC provided a $100 million loan and up to $300 million in syndicated loans to
COTCO & TOTCO
The IFC has been involved in catalyzing $900 million of financing from Export Credit
Agencies
A $400 million bond issue from international capital markets
They stated in their project documentation that commercial lenders have indicated their
unwillingness to proceed with the oil project without the Bank Group‘s involvement
The world bank was involved in handling the revenue management program.
Potential Risks if it chose not to participate:
The sponsors might abandon project and look to invest in safer countries
If the World Bank did not step in, the Chad government might develop the oil fields
with neighboring countries of Sudan and Libya
These countries are labelled as terrorist countries by the US state department and
may use the revenues to fund civil wars
Revenue Management Plan
Revenue Management is the application of analytics that predicts consumer behaviour at the
micro-market level to optimise product availability and price to maximise revenue growth.
The primary aim of a revenue management strategy is selling the right product to the right
customer at the right time for the right price.
World Bank wanted to ensure that the ‘New” wealth from the project would be invested for the
well-being of all Chadians
Chad would receive $1.8bn of cash flow in the form of taxes, royalties and dividends
$25 mn payment from Chevron and Petronas not covered under RMP
Oversight and control of the RMP:
The World Bank and Chadian government would approve a detailed annual expenditure
program
Program to be reviewed by an oversight committee consisting of 9 members (7 from the
government, one from an NGO and one from a trade union) with a term of 3-5 years
Committee to publish a yearly review of operations subject to external audit
World Bank to review all expenditures and monitor the full program
To ensure implementation, the RMP would be a contractual obligation would be put under the
IBRD and EIB loans
The government’s performance would also determine future lending
In 1998, the Chadian government passed a law to implement the above stipulations
To further demonstrate it commitment to economic reform and development,
It privatized 45 out of 50 state-owned enterprises
Cut the military budget in half
Reallocated public expenditure to increase development efforts
Opposition
No history of development in Africa due to investment in oil. E.g. Nigeria,
Congo, Angola and Gabon
Detrimental social and environmental impacts with minimal development
benefits
The project designed had little chance of delivering the benefits claimed while
having high risk of environmental damage and social disruption
Predicting oil leaks with the state-of-the-art technology has a failure rate of
0.002% which is equivalent to 2000 gallons a day without detection
Vague laws that have been introduced to enable the project and lack the
details necessary details for effective oversight
Inability of the world bank backed by history where the poor and vulnerable
groups who have been relocated to re-establish their livelihood
Revenue management plan had corporate heavy board with less
representation for the locals and option to be changed every five years
Lessons Learnt
Besides the feasibility of the project in terms of NPV calculations for
assessing a project, external factors are also extremely important
especially in developing nation
Based on the kind of projects you need to assess the backlashes from
the critics, environmentalists and locals
Assessing the political climate is extremely important as any changes in
the regime or change of mind of the leader world put a hamper to the
project
Contingency should be made for every risk factor in a project with
proper steps to oversee and manage it