Computer Networks

Outline
• Materials and teaching
• Coursework and Exams
• Course Topics
• Introduction
• Data Communications
• Component of Data Communications
• Why the Networks?
• Data Flow
• What is the Network?
• Network Criteria
 Materials and Teaching
• Textbook

– Computer Networking: A Top Down Approach 6th edition

Jim Kurose, Keith Ross Addison-Wesley March 2012
– Data Communications and Networking, 4th edition.,Behrouz
A. Forouzan, McGraw-Hill, 2007.
– Data and Computer Communications, 8th edition., William
Stallings, Prentice Hall, 2007.
– TCP/IP Protocol Suite, 4th edition, Behrouz A. Forouzan,
McGraw Hill, 2010.
 Course work and exams

• The assessment of this course will be three different ways. Which are
quizzes, projects and exams. The marks are distributed as below

1st Term: Jan 2016 Class participation & Quiz: 7% Theory Exam 10% 25%
(25%) Practical exam 8%

2nd term: April 2016 Individual Assignment & Quiz: 7% Theory Exam 10% 25%
(25%) Practical exam 8%

Final: June 2016 Practical Exam ( 15%) Final exam (35%) 50%
(50%)
Introduction
Data Communication
 Data Communication

Data communication is the exchange of data (In the form 0's and 1's) between
two devices via some form of transmission medium (such as wire cable).

The effectiveness of a data communication system depends on three

fundamental characteristics:-
Delivery: the system must deliver data to the correct destination. Data must
be received by the intended device or user and only by that device or user.
Accuracy: The system must deliver data accurately. Data that have been altered
in transmission and left uncorrected are unusable.
Timeliness: The system must deliver data in timely manner. Data delivered late
are useless.
Real – time transmission: - delivery of data (video, audio, and voice data) as
they are produced in the same order they are produced and without
significant delay.
 Components of a Data Communication System:

A data communication system is made up of 5 components:

1- Message 2- Sender 3- Receiver 4- Medium 5- Protocol
 Components of a Data Communication
System:
• Message: The message is the information (data) to be communicated. It can
consist of text, numbers, sound, picture, or video, or any combination of these.
• Sender: The sender is the device that sends the data message. It can be a
computer, workstation, telephone handset, video camera, and so on.
• Receiver: The receiver is the device that receives the message. It can be a
computer, workstation, telephone, handset, television, and so on.
• Medium: The transmission medium is the physical path by which a message
travels from sender to receiver. It can consist of twisted pair wire, coaxial
cable, fiber optic cable, laser, or radio waves.
• Protocol: A protocol is a set of rules that govern data communication. It
represents an agreement between the communicating devices. Without a
protocol, two devices may be connected, but not communicating, just as a
person speaking French cannot be understood by a person who speaks only
Japanese.
Data Representation
Data Representation
 Why people are interested in
computer networks & What
they can be used for?
• Resource sharing: An obvious and
widespread example is having a group of
office workers share a common printer.
 Why people are interested in
computer networks & What
they can be used for?
 Client-Server model : Communication takes the form of the client process
sending a message over the network to the server process. The client
process then waits for a reply message. When the server process gets the
request, it performs the requested work or looks up the requested data
and sends back a reply
 Why people are interested in
computer networks & What they
can be used for?
• Closing the people : A computer network can provide a
powerful communication medium among people
( through the internet the whole world become a small
village)
 Why people are interested in
computer networks & What they
can be used for?
• E-Commerce : doing all the buying and selling through the
internet (online activity)
• Mobile network: most the people used this type of
communications.
 Data Flow
• Communication between two devices can be simplex,
half-duplex, or full-duplex
• Simplex : The communication is unidirectional as on,
one way street, only one of the two stations on the link
can transmit, the other can only receive.
 Data Flow
• Half duplex : in this mode, each station can
both transmit and receive, but not at the same
time. When one device sending, the other can
only receive, and vice versa.
 Data Flow
• Full duplex : in full duplex mode, (also called
duplex), both stations can transmit and
receive simultaneously.
 What is the Network:
 A networks is a set of devices (often retired to as
nodes) connected by media links. A node can be
computer, printer, or any other device capable of
sending and/or receiving data generated by other
nodes on the network. The links connecting the
devices are often called communication channels.
 Distributed Processing
 Network use distributed processing, in which a task is
divided among multiple computers, Instead of a single
large machine being responsible for all aspects of a
process, each separate computer handles a subset.
 Network Criteria
the most important of these are:
• Performance
– Depends on Network Elements( no. of users, type of
transmission media, connected hardware, and
efficiency of software)
– Measured in terms of Delay and Throughput
• Reliability
– Failure rate of network components
– Measured in terms of availability/robustness
• Security
– Data protection against corruption/loss of data due to:
– Errors
– Malicious users