Part I: Agrarian Reform

 Meaning of Land Reform

 Meaning of Agrarian Structure
 Meaning of Land Tenure Structure
 Examples of Land Tenure Reform Measures
 Meaning of Production Structure
 Examples of Production Reform Measures
 Land Tenure and Production Structures Distinguished
 Meaning of Agrarian Reform
 Examples of Agrarian Reform Measures
 Aspects of Agrarian Reform

From the desk of:

 PART I
AGRARIAN
REFORM

Introduction
Concepts
 History of land reform

Before the Spaniards came to the Philippines, Filipinos lived

in villages or barangays ruled by chiefs or datus. The datus
comprised the nobility. Then came the maharlikas (freemen),
followed by the aliping mamamahay (serfs) and aliping
saguiguilid (slaves).
However, despite the existence of different classes in the
social structure, practically everyone had access to the fruits of
the soil. Money was unknown, and rice served as the medium
of exchange.
 Spanish period
 When the Spaniards came to the Philippines,
the concept of encomienda (Royal Land
Grants) was introduced. This system grants
that Encomienderos must defend his
encomienda from external attack, maintain
peace and order within, and support the
missionaries. In turn, the encomiendero
acquired the right to collect tribute from the
indios (native).
 The system, however, degenerated into
abuse of power by the encomienderos The
tribute soon became land rents to a few
powerful landlords. And the natives who
once cultivated the lands in freedom were
transformed into mere share tenants.
 First republic
 “The yoke has finally been broken”
 Kawit Cavite First Philippine Republic with
Gen. Emilio AguinaldoWhen the First
Philippine Republic was established in 1899,
Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo declared in the
Malolos Constitution his intention to
confiscate large estates, especially the so-
called Friar lands.
 PRESENT STATE OF LAND
REFORM
 Land reform is in the critical stage since most
of the remaining lands still to be distributed
are private and contentious agricultural lands.
 Most of the government-owned lands were
already distributed. And this now serves as a
big challenge to the DAR on how to make
these landowners be very cooperative to the
program.
 The vision of zero backlog case is also a tough
job as DAR is lacking legal manpower.
 Meaning of land reform
 Reform: implies the existence
of a defect that something is
deformed and does not suit
existing conditions.
 Land reform: refers to full
range of measures that should
be taken to improve or remedy
that defects in the relation
among men. With respect to
their land rights.
 Meaning of land reform
 Land reform is the government-initiated or
government-backed redistribution of
agricultural land.
 Integrated set of measures designed to
eliminate obstacles to economic and social
development.
 Agrarian structure
 A complex set of relationships within the
agricultural section.
 3 structures:
1. Tenure structure
2. Production structure
3. Structure of supporting services
 A comprehensive land reform program can
never be completed without these 3 structures.
 Structures
 These type of structures cannot in reality be
identified separately, each one being
dependent on the others.
 Meaning of land tenure structure
 A concept which refers
to one or more types of
land tenure system
regulating the rights to
ownership and control
and usage of land and
duties accompanying
such rights.
 Agricultural tenancy
 One of the several forms of land tenure or
rights In land .
 Involves the question of whether share tenancy
or leasehold tenancy is adopted.
 Share tenancy
 Tillers work the land as
sharecroppers entitled to
share in the produce of the
land.
 Defect: High proportion of
share tenancy in our country.
 Code of agrarian reform
 Examples of land tenure reform
measures
 Redistribution of private lands
 Distribution of lands in the public domain
(resettlement or colonization)
 Regulation of tenancy
 Regulation of agricultural labor contract and
wages
 Elimination of absentee landlordism and
transfer of land ownership to actual tillers.
Production structure
 A concept which relates to the
nature, type and modus
operandi as well as the actual
process of production or farm
operation.
 Directly related to the size,
location and shape of the
production unit or holding.
 Examples of Production reform
measures
 Consolidation of small uneconomic holdings to
ensure optimum utilization
 Imposition of a floor holdings of uneconomic size
beyond which subdivision is to be prevented
 Promotion of cooperative or compact farming
among submarginal farmers
 Imposition of ceiling on holdings of non-cultivating
owners
 Organization of crop rotation system
AGRARIAN REFORM
 It comprises both land reform
and development of
complimenting constitutional
framework
 Rectification of the whole
system of agriculture
 Redistribution of the agricultural
resources of a country
 Examples of Agrarian reform
measures
 Public Health Programs
 Family Planning
 Education and training of farmers
 Reorganization of land reform agencies
 Application of labor laws to agricultural workers
 Construction of infrasctructure facilities (feeder
roads, irrigation system, establishment of rural
electrification)
 Examples of Agrarian reform
measures
 Organization of various types of voluntary
organizations (farmers coop, youth and student
groups to support the reforms)
 Providing employment opportunities to
underemploymed or surplus rural labor (dev’t
of cottage, small and medium scale industries)
 Other services of a community development
nature
 ASPECTS of Agrarian reform
1.ECONOMIC ASPECT – Agrarian forms the
predominant industry in the Philippines
**Agriculture is the most important component of the
economic structure.

 Agrarian reform will help improve agricultural

productivity to accelerate general economic development.
 Increased efficiecy in food production means more and
better food for the growing populace
 ASPECTS of Agrarian reform
2. SOCIO-CULTURAL ASPECT – Agrarian Reform
brings about socio-cultural transformation on the
life of the farmers. It gives significant social change
in the community
**The farmer becomes more conscious of the need to
maintain peace and stability in the community so
that theyc ould continuously enjoy the increased
benefits in the farm.
**Farmers will become active in leadership roles and nation-
building
 ASPECTS of Agrarian reform
2. SOCIO-CULTURAL ASPECT
assumptions about Filipino tenant farmers:
- Roots back during spanish period
- Deeply rooted in our history, created traditional,
dependent-minded farmers
- Three kinds of landlords
a) Benevolent – acts like a father to the tenant
b) Malevolent – one who oppresses
c) Combined – possesses tremendous influence and control
 Thank you!

“Working together we can do more by improving

the quality of life for all our people living in rural
areas”
 END

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