Professional Documents
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1
RIZAL TRIAL
It will discuss the following:
● Arguments on Rizal
● Defense of Rizal
● Sentenced to Rizal
Primary Investigation
● November 20, 1896
● Rizal was subjected to grueling
five-days investigation
● Rizal appeared to Colonel
Francisco Olive
Primary Investigation
Two kinds of evidences;
● Documentary
● Testimonial
Documentary Evidence
● A letter from Antonio Luna to Mariano Ponce dated
Oct. 16, 1888, Madrid.
● A letter of Rizal to his family dated Aug. 20, 1890,
Madrid.
● A letter from M.H. Del Pilar to Deodato Arellano
dated Jan 7, 1889, Madrid
● A poem entitled “Kundiman” allegedly written by
Rizal.
KUNDIMAN
Tunay ngayong umid Datapuwa't muling Ibubuhos namin ang
yaring dila't puso sisikat ang araw, dugo't babaha
Sinta'y umiilag, tuwa'y Pilit maliligtas ang Matubos nga lamang
lumalayo, inaping bayan, ang sa amang lupa
Bayan palibhasa'y Magbabalik mandin Habang di ninilang
lupig at sumuko at muling iiral panahong tadhana,
Sa kapabayaan ng Ang ngalang Tagalog Sinta'y tatahimik,
nagturong puno. sa sandaigdigan. iidlip ang nasa.
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Documentary Evidence
● A letter of Carlos Oliver to an unidentified person,
Sept. 18, 1891.
● A Masonic document dated Feb. 9, 1892.
● A letter signed “Dimasalang” to Ten Luz (Juan
Zulueta) dated May 24, 1892, H.K.
● A letter signed Dimasalang to unidentified
committee dated June 1, 1892, Hong Kong.
Documentary Evidence
● An anonymous and undated letter to the Editor of
the Hong Kong Telegraph.
● A letter of Ildefonso Laurel to Rizal, dated Sept. 3,
1892.
● A letter of Rizal Segundo, dated Sept. 17, 1893. 12.
A letter to M.H. Del Pilar to Juan A. Tenluz
Documentary Evidence
● A transcript of the speech of Pinkian (Emilio
Jacinto) in a meeting of the Katipunan on July 23,
1893.
● Transcript of a speech Tik-Tol (Jose Turiano
Santiago) during the same Katipunan meeting.
● A poem by Laon Laan (Rizal) entitled A Talisay.
Testimonial Evidence
● Martin Constantino ● Deodato Arellano
● Aguedo del Rosario ● Pedro Serrano Laktaw
● Jose Reyes ● Antonio Salazar
● Moises Salvador ● Domingo Franco
● Jose Dizon
● Pio Valenzuela
● Ambrosio Savador
● Francisco Quison
● Timoteo Paez
“
Governor- General
Ramon Blanco
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Peña’s Recommendation
● Rizal must be immediately sent to trial
● He must be held in prison under necessary
security
● His properties must be issued with order of
attachment, and as indemnity, Rizal had to pay
one million pesos
● Instead of a civilian lawyer, only an army
officer is allowed to defend Rizal.
Rizal’s Defender
Lt. Luis Taviel de Andrade
● 1st Lieutenant of the
Artillery, brother of Jose
Taviel de Andrade, the
bodyguard of Rizal.
Rizal’s Arraignment
● December 11, 1896
Charged with the crime of rebellion, and the formation of illegal
associations.
Rizal replied that:
● He does not question the jurisdiction of the court
● He has nothing to amend except that during his exile in Dapitan in
1892, he had not dealt in political matters;
● He has nothing to admit on the charges against him
● He had nothing to admit on the declarations of the witnesses, he
had not met nor knew, against him.
December 13, 1896
While in Detention
● Rizal released a manifesto that he
denounces the revolution and
condemned Katipunan for using his
name without his permission.
Actual Trial
● December 26, 1896
● At Hall of Banners of the Cuartel de España
● He was accused of 3 crimes: rebellion, sedition,
illegal associations.
● Penalty: Life imprisonment-death for rebellion
and sedition, correctional imprisonment and a
fine of 325 to 3250 pesetas for illegal association.
Twelve-Point Defense of Rizal
● As testified by Pio Valenzuela, Rizal was against rebellion ● He had not written a
letter addressed to the Katipunan comprising revolutionary elements
● Without his knowledge, his name was used by the Katipunan; if he really was guilty,
he could have escaped while he was in Singapore
● If he was guilty, he should have left the country while in exile; he shouldn't have built
a home, bought a parcel of land or established a hospital in Dapitan.
● If he was really the leader of the revolution, the revolutionists should have consulted
him.
● He did not deny that he wrote the by-laws of the La Liga Filipina, but to make things
clear, the organization was a civic association, not a revolutionary society.
Twelve-Point Defense of Rizal
● After the first meeting of La Liga, the association banished because of his exile in
Dapitan, thus, did not last long.
● If the La Liga was reorganized nine months later, he had no idea about it
● If the La Liga had a revolutionary purpose, then Katipunan should not have been
organized.
● If the Spanish authorities found his letters having bitter atmosphere, it was because in
1890 his family was being persecuted resulting to their dispossession of properties and
deportation of all his brothers- in-law.
● He lived an exemplary life in Dapitan – the politico-military commanders and
missionary priests in the province could attest to that.
● If according to witnesses the speech he delivered at Doroteo Ongjunco's house had
inspired the revolution, then he want to confront these persons. If he really was for the
revolution, then why did the Katipunan sent an unfamiliar emissary to him in Dapitan?
It is so because all his friends were aware that he never advocated violence.
Governor-General Camilo de
Polavieja
● December 28, 1896
● Polavieja approved the decision of
the court-martial and ordered Rizal to
be shot at 7:00 o’clock in the morning
of December 30 at Bagumbayan Field
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