Isotope dilution analysis

Definition

• Isotope dilution analysis is a method of determining the quantity of

chemical substances.
• In its most simple conception, the method of isotope dilution
comprises the addition of known amounts of isotopically-enriched
substance to the analyzed sample. Mixing of the isotopic standard with
the sample effectively "dilutes" the isotopic enrichment of the standard
and this forms the basis for the isotope dilution method.
• Isotope dilution is classified as a method of internal standardisation,
because the standard (isotopically-enriched form of analyte) is added
directly to the sample. 
How isotopic dilution is done?
Direct isotopic dilution analysis
(DIDA)
• The Method of quantitative analysis which relies upon addition of a
radioactive component to the sample (non-radioactive) is DIDA.
 DIDA
•  In this technique, a known amount of radioactive material (y) is
homogenously mixed with a nonradioactive analyte (x).
• The added radioactive component is as nearly identical to the analyte
as possible. That is, it must behave identically to the analyte during
the separation portion of the assay.
•  The analyte and the radioactive component are chemically
separated, as pure compounds, from the remainder of the sample.
•  A weighed portion of the separated component (x+y) is measured for
its radioactivity and the result is used to calculate the amount of the
analyte in the original sample.  
DIDA Derivation
 Inverse / indirect isotopic dilution
analysis (IIDA)
• The Method of quantitative analysis which relies upon addition of a
nonradioactive nuclide to the radioactive analyte (to be quantified) of
the same element is IIDA.
• IIDA is used to determine the mass of radionuclide after dilution with
a non-radioactive nuclide of the same element. 
IIDA
IIDA Derivation
Solution