CHILD MALTREATMENT

The broad term child maltreatment includes

intentional physical abuse or neglect, emotional
abuse or neglect, and sexual abuse of children,
usually by adults.
CHILD NEGLECT
● is generally defined as the failure of a parent or the
other person legally responsible for the child welfare
to provide for the child’s basic needs and an adequate
level of care.
● Factors for child neglect are lack of knowledge of
child’s needs,lack of resources and caregiver
substance abuse.
TYPES OF NEGLECT
❏ PHYSICAL NEGLECT - FOOD , CLOTHING ,
SHELTER , SUPERVISION , MEDICAL CARE AND
EDUCATION.
❏ EMOTIONAL NEGLECT - AFFECTION , ATTENTION ,
AND EMOTIONAL NURTURANCE.
PHYSICAL ABUSE
● The deliberate infliction of physical injury on a child ,
usually by the child’s caregiver , is termed physical abuse.
● Can include anything from bruises and fractures to brain
damage.
● Minor physical injury is responsible for more reported
cases of maltreatment than major physical abuse causes
more deaths.
ABUSIVE HEAD TRAUMA ( AHT )
● is a serious form of physical abuse caused by violent shaking of
infants and young children. Other commonly used terms include
shaken baby syndrome , inflicted head injury and neuroinflicted
brain injury.
● Infants have a large head -to- body ratio , weak muscles and a
large amount of water in brain. violent shaking causes the brain to
rotate within the skull, resulting in shearing forces that tear blood
vessels and neurons.
The characteristics injuries occur
are intracranial bleeding (subdural
and subarachnoid hematomas ) .
injuries may also include fractures
of the ribs and long bones. Most
often there are no signs of external
injury, making diagnosis difficult .
Traumatic brain injury is often not an
isolated event, with a large number of
children showing evidence of a previous
injury. The long-term outcomes of AHT
include seizures disorders ; visual
impairments, including blindness;
developmental delays; hearing loss
;cerebral palsy; and mild to profound
mental , cognitive or motor impairments.
MUNCHAUSEN SYNDROME BY PROXY
Also known as medical child abuse or factitious disorder
by proxy, is a rare but serious form of child abuse in which
caregivers deliberately exaggerate or fabricate histories and
symptoms or induce symptoms. It is a form of child
maltreatment that may include physical , emotional , and
psychologic abuse for the gratification of the caregiver.
FACTORS PREDISPOSING TO PHYSICAL ABUSE
THREE RISK FACTORS ARE COMMONLY
IDENTIFIED IN CHILD ABUSE :
1. PARENTAL CHARACTERISTICS
2. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CHILD
3. ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS
SEXUAL ABUSE
● is one of the most devastating types of
child maltreatment, and estimates
indicate that it has increased
significantly during the past decade.
Sexual abuse includes the following types of sexual maltreatment :

INCEST : Any physical sexual activity between family members; blood

relationship is not required (abusers can include stepparents, unrelated
siblings, grandparents, uncles and aunts); does not include sexual
relations between legally sanctioned partners, such as spouses.

MOLESTATION: A vague term that includes “indecent liberties” such as

touching, fondling, kissing, single or mutual masturbation, or oral-
genital contact.
EXHIBITIONISM : indecent exposure, usually exposure of
the genitalia by an adult man to children or women.
CHILD PORNOGRAPHY : arranging and photographing, in
any media, sexual acts involving children, alone or with
adults or animals, regardless of consent by the childs legal
guardian; also may denote distribution of such material in
any form with or without profit.
CHILD PROSTITUTION : involving children in sex acts for
profit and usually with changing partners.

PEDOPHILIA : Literally mean “ love of child “ and does not

denote a type of sexual activity but rather the preference of
an adult for prepubertal children as the means of achieving
sexual excitement.
laban future
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