ESOPHAGEAL CANCER

● Tobacco use ( cigarette, cigar,

pipe, smokeless tobacco)
● Alcohol
● Diet : low in fruits and vegetables
● Gender : 3 times more common
in men
BREAST CANCER
● Early menarche/late menopause
● Age - changes in hormone levels
throughout life, such as age at
first menstruation, number of
pregnancies, and age at
menopause
● High fat diet
● Obesity
● Physical inactivity
● Some studies have also known a
connection between alcohol
consumption and an increased
risk of breast cancer
● Women with a mother or sister
who had breast cancer are more
likely to develop the disease
 PROSTATE CANCER
● While all men are at risk, several
factors can increase the chances
of developing the disease, such
as advancing age, race and diet
● Race : more common among
african american than among
white men
● High fat diet
● Men with a father or brother who
has had prostate cancer are
more likely to get prostate
cancer themselves
LIVER CANCER
● Certain types of viral hepatitis
● Cirrhosis of the liver
● Long term exposure to
aflatoxin (carcinogenic
substance produced by a
fungus that often
contaminates peanuts,
wheats, soybeans, corn and
rice)
 SKIN CANCER COLONIC CANCER

● Unprotected exposure to ● Personal / family history of

strong sunlight polyps
● Fair complexion ● High fat diet and/ or low fiber
● Occupational exposure diet
● History of ulcerative colitis
● Age: > 50 years
 UTERINE / ENDOMETRIAL CANCER

● Estrogen replacement therapy

● Early menarche / late menopause
Key areas for primary prevention of cancers
❏ Smoking Cessation- quit smoking for active smokers. Prevent passive
smoking. Advise smokers not to smoke inside living areas and workplaces to
prevent exposure of others to second- hand smoke
❏ Encourage proper nutrition

> increase intake of dietary fiber by eating more leafy green and yellow
vegetables, fruits and unrefined cereals. Beta - carotene; vitamins A, C, E and
dietary fiber may be potential anti-cancer substances. Eat less fat and fatty foods.

> limit consumption of smoked, charcoal-broiled, salt-cured and salt-pickled foods.

Avoid moldy foods.
❏ Drink alcoholic beverages in moderation
❏ Avoid / control obesity through proper nutrition and exercise.
❏ The sooner a cancer is diagnosed and treatment begins, the better
the chances of living longer and enjoying a better quality of life.
THAT’S ALL. THANKYOU!!