Properties of Matter

Quick Review
Matter is anything that:
a) has mass, and b) takes up
Space

 Mass = a measure of the amount o

―stuff‖ (or material) the object
contains (don’t confuse this with
weight, a measure of gravity)

 Volume = a measure of the space

occupied by the object
 States of Matter
1) Solid- matter that can not flow (definite
shape) and has definite volume.
2) Liquid- definite volume but takes the
shape of its container (flows).
3) Gas- a substance without definite
volume or shape and can flow.

Vapor- a substance that is currently a

gas, but normally is a liquid or solid
at room temperature.

(Which is correct: ―water gas,
‖ or
―water vapor‖?)
4) Plasma- Ionized gas
that contains positive ions
and electrons
Drawing the States of Matter

Solid Liquid Gas

 States of Matter
Result of a
Definite Definite Temperatur Will it
Volume e Increase? Compress?
? Shape?
Small
Solid YES YES Expansion NO

Small
Liquid YES NO Expansion NO

Large
Gas NO
NO Expansion YES
The 6 Phase Changes

1. Melting: Solid to Liquid

2. Freezing: Liquid to Solid
3. Evaporation: Liquid to
Gas
4. Condensation: Gas to
Liquid
5. Sublimation: Solid to Gas
6. Deposition: Gas to Solid
 Describing Matter
Properties used to describe matter
can be classified as:

1) Extensive – depends on the

amount
of matter in the sample

- Mass, volume, calories are

examples

2) Intensive – depends on the

type of matter, not the
amount present

- Hardness, Boiling Point

 Is Density Intensive or
Extensive?


Properties
Words that
describe matter
(adjectives)

Physical Properties- a
property that can be
observed and measured
without changing the
material’s composition.

Examples- color,
hardness, m.p., b.p.
Properties

Chemical Properties- a
property that can only be
observed by changing the
composition of the material.

Examples- ability to burn,

decompose, ferment,
react with, etc.
Physical Change
Physical change will change
the visible appearance,
without changing the
composition of the material.
Can be reversible, or
irreversible
Boil, melt, cut, bend, split,
crack
Is boiled water still water?
***ALL 6 PHASE
CHANGES ARE
PHYSICAL CHANGES!
***
Chemical Change

 Chemical Change - a
change where a new
form of matter is made.
Rust, burn, decompose,
ferment
Signs of a Chemical Change

1. Gas production
2. Precipitate formation
3. Energy production (light, sound)
4. Change in Temperature
5. Change in color
6. Change in chemical or physical
property
Chemical vs. Physical Change

Ask yourself:
Is anything new being
made?
3 Types of Matter

1. Elements
2. Compounds
3. Mixtures
a.Heterogeneous
b.Homogeneous
(Solutions)
Pure Substances

 Pure substances can be either

 Elements
 Compounds
1. Elements
Simplest kind of
matter
Cannot be broken
down any simpler
and still have
properties of that
element!
All one kind of atom.
Atoms– the
smallest particle or
unit of an element
that has the
properties of that
2. Compounds

Substances that can be

broken down only by
chemical methods
When broken down,
the pieces have
completely different
properties than the
original compound.
Made of two or more
atoms, chemically
combined (not just a
physical blend!)
3. Mixtures

 Mixtures are a
physical blend of at
least two substances;
have variable
composition.
 Every part keeps
it’s own
properties.
 They can be
either:
3. Mixtures (cont.)

1) Heterogeneous – the
mixture is not
uniform in
composition

Ex. Chocolate chip

cookie, gravel, soil.
 3. Mixtures (cont.)

2) Homogeneous - same
composition
throughout; called
―solutions‖

• Kool-aid, air, salt water

More on Homogenous
(solutions)
 Mixed molecule by molecule, thus too
small to see the different parts
 Can occur between any state of
matter: gas in gas; liquid in gas; gas
in liquid; solid in liquid; solid in solid
(alloys), etc.
 Most common solutions consist of 1 or
more substances dissolved (the
dissolved ―stuff‖ is called the solute) in a
liquid (called the solvent)
 If the solvent is water—aqueous
solution
 A true solution will never separate or
settle out on its own.
Ways of Separating Mixtures

 Differences in physical properties can

be used to separate mixtures.
1) Filtration - separates a solid from the
liquid in a heterogeneous mixture
(by size)
2) Distillation – separates a solution by
boiling points

There are other ways as well: magnets,

evporation chromotography
Law of Conservation of
Mass/Matter
During any chemical reaction, the
mass of the products (right side of
arrow) is always equal to the mass of
the reactants (left side of arrow).
All the mass can be accounted
for:
Burning of wood results in products that
appear to have less mass as ashes;
where is the rest?