AND

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SUBSTITUTI
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 USES
ELLIP
• SIS
Rather than using a new word, the previously used word, phrase or clause,
is left out. The context of what is being said or written makes the meaning
clear without the words being there.
• Often the words which are left out are auxiliary verb, modal verb or subject.
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[Have you] Finished with the

newspaper?
[I’ve] Lost my car keys again. Have
you seen them?
 EXAMPLES
• I'm going to eat the spicy food • They were going to have a big wedding but
but do you think you should eat they've decided not to have a big wedding.
the spicy food?

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• I went shopping in the morning and I

went to the doctors in the afternoon.
 USES
SUBSTITU
•
TION
With substitution in English grammar, we replace a word previously used with
another word. Common words to do this are do/does, one/ones, here, there,
that, so, then.
E • Some can place single words and phrases while others may replace clauses.
N
G S
L O
I ON DO/DO
S ES ES
H

THE
TH RE
AT
 EXAMPLES
• A new theme park has opened near • I really loved your biscuits. Can I have
me but I've never been there.
another one? 

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L
I
S • I don't think you should go to • He's sure he'll pass the exam, but I
H meet her but that is your don't think so
decision.
 ACTIVITY

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