PAGGAMIT NG θ-TIYORI NG

GOBERNMENT- BAYNDING
TIYORI SA MGA
KONSTRUKSYONG KOSATIV
SA ILUKANO
 The Study
Goal:
To apply the sub-theory Theta-Theory in
Government-Binding Theory with Ilukano
causative constructions

Parts:
a. Framework of Government-Binding
(GB)Theory
b. Application of Theta-theory
A. Framework of GB Theory

Development:
a. Syntactic Structures (1957)
b. Aspects ( 1965)
c. Standard Theory
d. Extended Standard Theory (1970)
e. Government- Binding Theory (1981)
 D-Structure and S-Structure
• Retention from Transformational Grammar
• Introduced new concepts:
Phonetic Form
physical realization; actual output of
sounds from lexical items
Logical Form
represents the roles of lexical items in a
grammatical construction in a syntactic
level
D-Structure and S-Structure

D-structure

S-structure

Phonetic Form Logical Form

 MOVE-ALPHA

ALPHA
syntactic category variable

Therefore:
It is the movement of lexical items
in any position
The allowable position is dictated
by independent rules
 D-structure
Move-Alpha
S-structure

Phonetic Form Logical Form

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
TRANSFORMATIONAL
GRAMMAR FROM
GOVERNMENT-BINDING
THEORY?
 SUB-THEORIES OF GB
X-BAR (X’) SYNTAX
studies the internal structure of different
phrases of a certain language; looks at
pattern of construction on different types of
phrases

Integrates syntax with the lexical items

Bounding Theory
the one that dictates how far a certain
element of a sentence may be moved

Case Theory
the assignment of different cases of Noun
phrases

Binding Theory
explains how a reference can be related with
different types of Noun phrases

Control Theory
deals with the subject and infinitival clause
 GB THEORY
X’ Theory
D-structure
θ-Theory

Projection
Move-Alpha
Principle
Case filter S-structure Θ-Criterion

Phonetic Form Logical Form

ECP
Binding Theory
Control
 θ-Theory
• Developed in the years 1960 and 1970
• Deals with Thematic Roles
the semantic relationship
between a verb and the verb’s
arguments

Obligatory members or constituents of the

head according to the state of the predicate
 θ-Roles( Haegman, 1991)
• Agent/ Actor • Benefactive/ Beneficiary
• Patient • Goal
• Theme • Source
• Experiencer • Location
Other literature use the term:
Patient for Goal Locative for Location
Oblique for Goal
Direction for Source
Example:

Kaán ‘kain’ V; [ _PP1 (PP2) (PP3)]

(Agent, Theme)

Takdér ‘tayo’ V; [ _(PP2)] (Agent)

Saú ‘ usap’ V; [ _ PP4 (PP2)]

(Agent, Reciprocal, Aktor)

*A verb may not be subcategorized as a subject, but it

assigns theta-roles; and no subject is indicated
External Argument – when the head assigns
thematic- roles to the elements under its
domain except for a subject

Direct Assignment – the assignment of

θ-roles to internal arguments
 θ-Criterion

States that:
• every argument is given only one role
• every role assigned is only one argument

θ-Marking: the principle that relates

subcategorization with the
assignment of θ-roles
Application of θ-Theory in
Causative Constructions of Ilukano
Causative Construction-
a verbal sentence that uses causative
verbs as predicate; It is morphologically
marked

Types:
a. Simple Causative
b. Double Causative
Characteristics of Causative Sentences
• Addition of one or two causative actor or
agent of non-causative compliments or
arguments

• The Primary Causative Actor (PCA) or

causer is the one who makes one (causee)
do an action – Simple Causative

• When a PCA makes a Secondary Causative

Actor make a non-causative actor do an
action, this construct is called Double
Causative
Nagpagatang ni manang ti sabong
Bili-cause-past Sub-M ate Obj-M-Bulaklak
PCA Theme
ken ni Irma
Obl-M Irma
Agent
‘Nagpabili si ate ng bulaklak kay Irma

Nagpagatang ni manang ti sabong

Bili-cause-past Subj-M ate Obj-M bulaklak PKA
Theme
idyay taraken (ken ni Irma)
Obl-M katulong Obl-M Irma
SKA Agent

‘ Nagpapabili sa ate ng bulaklak sa katulong kay Irma

Conclusion:

The GB Theory is not concerned with the

differentiation of θ-roles from each other, it
is concerned with assigning roles for each
element and their integration with other
parts of GB Theory.

Restrictions of roles depends on the

projection of the verb and/or syntactic
verbs