PROJECTILES

PROJECTILE MOTION

 Projectile motion is motion with a constant

horizontal velocity combined with a constant
vertical acceleration
 The projectile moves along a parabola
 Examples:
A projectile is any object that
once projected or dropped continues
in motion by its own inertia and is
influenced only by the downward
force of gravity
 An object dropped from rest is a
projectile
 An object that is thrown
vertically upward is also a
projectile
 an object which is thrown upward
at an angle
provided to the
that the influence
horizontalofis
also a projectile
air resistance is negligible).
 Components of a Motion
 In general, any two-dimensional motion
is made up of two, independent,
simultaneous one-dimensional
motions at right angles to each other.
These are called components of the
motion.
 Components of Projectile
Motion
 The horizontal component of the
motion of a projectile is motion with
constant velocity.
 The vertical component of the motion
of a projectile is motion with constant
acceleration.
Projectile Motion
The horizontal component of a
projectile is entirely
independent from the vertical
component of motion
Changing one does not affect
the other
Projectile Motion
 The equations of 1-D motion still apply
(X = vxt and Y = ½ayt2)
NEVER mix x- and y-components in
the same equation
DON’T MIX
Time is the only scalar quantity in
these equations
ONLY time can be used to tie x- and

y-components together
Part 1.
Motion of Objects
Projected Horizontally
y v0

x
y

x
y

•Motion is accelerated
•Acceleration is constant,
and downward
• a = g = -9.81m/s2
•The horizontal (x)
component of velocity is
g = -9.81m/s2 constant
•The horizontal and
vertical motions are
independent of each other,
x
but they have a common
time
•Motion is accelerated
•Acceleration is constant, and downward
• a = g = -9.81m/s2
•The horizontal (x) component of velocity is
constant
•The horizontal and vertical motions are
independent of each other, but they have a common
time
ANALYSIS OF MOTION
ASSUMPTIONS:
• x-direction (horizontal):
uniform motion
• y-direction (vertical):
accelerated motion
• no air resistance
QUESTIONS:
• What is the trajectory?
• What is the total time of the
motion?
Frame of Equations of motion:
reference:
y
X Y
v0
Uniform m. Accel. m.
ACCL. ax = 0 ay = g = -9.81
h g m/s2
VELC. vx = v0 vy = g t

x DSPL. x = v0 t y = h + ½ g t2
0
 Total Time, Δt Δt = tf -
ti
y = h + ½ g t2
final y = 0 y

0 = h + ½ g ti =0
(Δt)2 h
Solve for Δt:

Δt = √ 2h/(-
g)
Δt = √
tf =Δt
2h/(9.81ms-2)
Total time of motion
depends only on the x
 Horizontal Range, Δx
x = v0 t
final y = 0, y
time is the
total time Δt
Δx = v0 Δt h

Δt = √ 2h/(-
g)
Δx = v0 √ 2h/(-
Δx
Horizontal range
g)
depends on the initial
x
height, h, and the
 VELOCITY

vx = v0

Θ
vy = g
v
v = √v x
2
+ v y
2
t

= √v02+g2t2

tg Θ = v / v = g t /
The following figure shows an airplane moving
horizontally with a constant velocity of 115 m/s at an
altitude of 1050 meters. The plane releases a care
package that falls to the ground along a curved
trajectory.

Ignoring air resistance, determine

(1)The time required for the package to hit the
ground
(2)How far East the package travels during its fall
(1) Determine the time is takes for the care
package to hit the ground(14.6s)
(2) How far to the East has it travelled
during its fall?(1682.6m) Vy=143.2m/s
2.A beach ball, moving with a
speed of +1.27 m/s, rolls off a
pier and hits the water 0.75 m
from the end of the pier.   How
high is the pier above the water?
(o.59sec and 1.346m
3. A bullet has a speed of 350
m/sec as it leaves a rifle. If
it is fired horizontally from a
cliff 6.4 m above a lake, how
far does the bullet travel
before striking the water?
 Part 2.
Motion of objects projected at an
angle
 y

vi Initial position: x =
0, y = 0
Initial velocity: vi
= vi [Θ]
viy

Velocity components:
x- direction : vix =
θ vi cos Θ
x
y- direction : viy =
vix
Neglecting air
resistance, the
path of a
projectile is
perfectly
symmetrical
trajectory
At the top of its
path, an object
has no y-
component to its
velocity, it

moves perfectly

horizontally

for an instant
 y

a = g
=
- • Motion is accelerated
9.81m/s • Acceleration is constant, and
2 downward
• a = g = -9.81m/s2
• The horizontal (x) component of
velocity is constant
• The horizontal and vertical
motions are independent of each
other, but they have a common
time

x
ANALYSIS OF MOTION:
ASSUMPTIONS
• x-direction (horizontal):
uniform motion
• y-direction (vertical):
accelerated motion
• no air resistance
QUESTIONS
• What is the trajectory?
• What is the total time of the
motion?
• What is the horizontal range?
 Equations of motion:

X Y
Uniform motion Accelerated motion
ACCELERATION ax = 0 ay = g = -9.81 m/s2

VELOCITY vx = vix= vi cos Θ vy = viy+ g t

vx = vi cos Θ vy = vi sin Θ + g t
DISPLACEMENT x = vix t = vi t cos Θ y = h + viy t + ½ g t2
x = vi t cos Θ y = vi t sin Θ + ½ g t2
 Equations of motion:

X Y
Uniform motion Accelerated motion
ACCELERATION ax = 0 ay = g = -9.81 m/s2

VELOCITY vx = vi cos Θ vy = vi sin Θ + g t

DISPLACEMENT x = vi t cos Θ y = vi t sin Θ + ½ g t2

A soccer ball is kicked at 17.5 m/s at an angle of
20° above the horizontal sin20=0.3420 and cos
20=0.9396

1. What are the vertical and horizontal components of

the initial velocity?Vv=5.98ms and Vx=16.4m/s
2. How long is the ball in the air?t=1.219s
3. What is the maximum height it reaches? Hmasx
=1.82m
4. How far away does the ball land if no one intercepts
it? R=19.5m
if a golf ball is hit in the
direction
of a 12 meter tree which is 80
meters from the golfer, will
the ball pass over the tree or
hit it? First cal Time and
Vvert