BENDING MOMENT AND

ITS SIGN CONVENTIONS

Framed
Structure
■ Transfer of Loads

■ Slabs
■ Beams
■ Columns
■ Foundations
INTRODUCTION

TOS RPC
& &
SA SDD
LOAD ON ■ Point loads, from concentrated loads or other beams

BEAMS ■ Distributed loads, from anything continuous

Distributed Point Load

Load

Reactions
 What the Loads Do
■ The loads (& reactions) bend the beam, and try to shear through it

Bending

Shear
 What the Loads Do
⍷ ⍷

⍷ ⍷
C
T
Bending

Shear
 Shear Force And Bending Moment
Shear Force:-
It is the algebraic sum of the vertical forces acting to the left or right of a
cut section along the span of the beam

 Unit of S.F is N or kN

Bending Moment:-
It is the algebraic sum of the moment of the forces to the left or to the
right of the section taken about the section

 Unit of B.M is N.m or kN.m

Shear and Bending Moment in Beams
■ If we have a beam that is loaded by a system of
forces all in the y direction.

■ The beam is classified as a simple beam (pin

support at one end and a roller support at the other)
■ The beam is in equilibrium with the application of
these forces and its reactions.
Shear and Bending Moments

■ To determine the internal

effects of the applied loads we
imagine a cutting plane to
isolate either the left side or
right side of the beam.
■ In order for the isolated section
of the beam to be in equilibrium
a force (V) and couple (M) are
required at the cut.
– V is termed Shear force
– M is termed Bending Moment
Shear and Bending Moments

■ The shear V and Moment M are the force and couple applied to the
left part of the beam by the right side of the beam to maintain
equilibrium.
■ Equilibrium of both sides is required because the entire beam is in
equilibrium.
■ The section can be made anywhere along the length of the beam.
■ Shear and Moment are a function of the distance from the origin.
Concentrated Load

■ If we start with a simple beam with a

concentrated load.
■ Find reactions
■ Cut through beam to the left of the load P
(a distance x from the left end), FBD
– Equilibrium yields V and M for the left side of
the beam
■ Cut through the beam to the right of P, FBD
– Equilibrium yields V and M for the right side
of the beam.
 Concentrated Load
Moment Diagram
■ The equations for moment are plotted
below the Shear diagram of the beam
■ The Bending Moment diagram
– The bending moment in the left side
increases linearly from zero at the support
to P(ab/L) at the concentrated load x=a
– In the right side, the bending moment is
again a linear function of x, varying from
P(ab/L) at x=a to zero at the support x=L.
In this
example – The maximum bending moment is
a=b=L/2 therefore P(ab/L), which occurs at the
concentrated load.
 Sign Conventions for
Bending Moment Diagrams
■ To plot a diagram, we need a sign convention

Sagging Hogging
NEGATIVE
POSITIVE

-
+
 This convention is almost universally agreed
 Sign Conventions
Shear and Bending Moment
 Cantilevers produce negative moments
- -

Cantilevers
 Simple beams produce positive moments

- -
+ +
Simple beam Built-in beam
 Built-in & continuous beams have both, with
negative over the supports
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