Practical Applications of Biotechnology

1. Bioprocessing technology

 Uses whole living cells or components of them to manufacture

desired products.

 Most common whole cells used are yeast and bacteria (one-
celled organisms).

 Most common components are enzymes (proteins that catalyze

chemical reactions).

 Cells isolated from animals and plants also are used to produce
desired products.
Practical Applications of Biotechnology

2. Genetic engineering

 The technique of removing, modifying or adding genes to a DNA

molecule to change the information it contains.

 More specifically is known as recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology.

 The product of rDNA technology is known as a genetically modified

organism, or GMO.

 Example: Gene for human insulin inserted into E.coli → bacteria

that make human insulin (a biopharmaceutical).
Practical Applications of Biotechnology

1. Agricultural applications — better crops,

improved animal health

2. Medical and health care applications — new

tests, vaccines, medicines

3. Chemical and environmental applications —

better manufacturing processes and consumer
products
Practical Applications of Biotechnology

1. Agricultural applications — crops and forest

 Improve crop yields by introducing genes that

confer resistance to insects, tolerance
to herbicides and resistance to environmental
stresses (drought, heat, cold).

 Create disease- and insect-resistant trees to help meet

demand for wood products.
Practical Applications of Biotechnology

1. Agricultural applications — improve animal

health

 Better detection of disease

 More nutritious feed

 New and more effective vaccines

 Improved treatments for diseases

Practical Applications of Biotechnology

2. Medical and Health Care

Applications

 New diagnostic tests

Example: quick test for strep throat

 MANY new treatments for diseases and conditions

Examples: diabetes, stroke, anemia, cystic fibrosis,
hemophilia, leukemia and other cancers; hepatitis;
rheumatoid arthritis; growth deficiencies; transplant rejection
Practical Applications of Biotechnology

3. Chemical and Environmental

Applications (Industrial Biotechnology)

 Produce enzymes used in laundry detergents.

 Use genetically modified microorganisms that

break down industrial waste.

 Develop bio-based, biodegradable plastics.

 Improve manufacturing that reduces the amount of waste products.