BATCH-57

EFFECTS OF FUEL AND DPF ON EXHAUST

GASES EMISSION

CHIRAG SURESH KUMAR: PES1201801372

BHUSHAN RAVI KUMAR : PES1201800609
SAMARTH T : PES1201801356

Prof. SANTOSH KUMAR V

EFFECTS OF FUEL AND DPF IN EXHAUST GASES EMISSION

Contents

● Introduction
● Literature review
● Gap in Literature
● Material & Methodology
● Project Management Timeline
● References
EFFECTS OF FUEL AND DPF IN EXHAUST GASES EMISSION

Introduction

• The Central government has mandated that all vehicle manufacturers to sell and register only
BS6 (BSVI) vehicles from 1 April 2020, there will require significant changes in the engine to
accommodate these conditions for emissions which includes the addition of a Diesel Particulate
Filter.
• BS6 norms require heavy reduction in emission gases.
• Hence a comparative study with and without DPF on different Fuel specifications is conducted
BS4 vs BS6 Emission Standards
EFFECTS OF FUEL AND DPF IN EXHAUST GASES EMISSION

Literature Review
Sl. Authors Title Method Experimental Results Conclusions
No. work

1 Z. Gerald Detailed Effects of a After The chemical species PM mass emissions The use of a diesel
Liu ,Devin R. Diesel Particulate warming the test analyzed included the were found to be particulate filter
Berg Filter on the engine for 2 hours at criteria air significantly significantly
And James J. Reduction ISO mode 8 (50% pollutants, PM, CO, and reduced with the use decreased the emitted
Schauer of Chemical Species load, intermediate HC, as well as a large of the DPF levels of a large variety
Emissions speed), blank samples variety of aftertreatment of
were collected particulate and gaseous system. chemical compounds.
to check for organic compounds. Results show a Not only was the test
contamination from the filtration efficiency of engine with DPF system
dilution air and greater than 98% capable of controlling the
handling procedures for PM mass criteria pollutants, but
emissions when the system was able to
using the DPF greatly reduce the
emissions of unregulated
species as well.
EFFECTS OF FUEL AND DPF IN EXHAUST GASES EMISSION

Literature Review
Sl. Authors Title Method
No.
2 Yangbo Experimental Study on Several control
a Diesel Particulate parameters such as
Deng, Xiaol Filter with temperature distribution,
ong Reciprocating Flow pressure difference, and
pollution emissions of the
Wang, Gua DPF system are measured
ngquan for different reciprocating
cycles. The mechanism of
Chen, Hong reciprocating flow
wei Wu, regeneration of the DPF
system and the effects of
the reciprocating flow
cycle on the performance
of the DPF system are
analyzed
Experimental work
• At the start of the DPF system, the
main line is closed while the
bypass line is opened.
• The electrical heater is used to
heat the exhaust gas to the
temperature starting the DPF
system. Meanwhile, a certain
amount of the propane gas is
introduced at the inlet.
• When the temperatures
periodically fluctuate and the
fluctuating amplitude are nearly
equal at every measuring position,
the DPF system is considered to
be under stable operation
conditions, and the experimental
parameters including temperature,
pressure, pollution emission
concentrations, and PM
concentrations are measured
accordingly.
Results Conclusions
If a reasonable The DPF system can use the
temperature pollutants in emissions and a
distribution which tiny amount of extra fuel to
maintain the chemical
corresponds to a reaction, periodically
reciprocating
cycle is formed in
releasing heat and storing heat
and reversely blowing away
the DPF system, ash, which in turn realize the
the regeneration regeneration of the cDPF.
efficiency can be
improved further.
If a reasonable temperature
distribution in the upstream
DOC and cDPF during a half
cycle is formed, the
regeneration efficiency of the
DPF system can be improved.
EFFECTS OF FUEL AND DPF IN EXHAUST GASES EMISSIONS

Literature Review
Sl. Authors Title Method Experimental Results Conclusions
No. work

3 Nagaraj R. Effects of Using The respective Experimentations The CO The single cylinder
Banapurmat Diesel blends of DEE were done on a emission has diesel engine was
h & K. S. Particulate Filter with diesel in diesel engine decreased & the operated on diesel
Nagaprasad and Diesel varied percentage developing 5.2 kW HC emissions with diethyl ether in
Oxidation of 5% to 20% in blended form with
at 1500 rev/min. of the engine is and without EGR and
Catalyst with steps of 5% were decreased with
Exhaust Gas prepared and for having DPF & DOC.
increase in DEE It is observed that the
Recirculation on this 1000 ml ratio. The NOx engine was consistent
the Performance measuring jar, 10
emission has in its operation
of Compression ml graduated test throughout the
Ignition Engine tube, container and increased by
injecting DEE experimental
Fuelled with the mechanical investigations when
Diesel- Di Ethyl stirrer were used to operated on selected
Ether Blend- prepare respective fuel combination.
blends.
EFFECTS OF FUEL AND DPF IN EXHAUST GASES EMISSION

Literature Review
Sl. Authors Title Method Experimental Results Conclusions
No. work

4 Sappok, A. Ash Impact on studying how ash Experimental tests Ash build-up leads Periodic ash
and Wong, V Fuel Consumption and soot build up were carried out on to increased fuel cleaning and good
can negatively the specimens consumption by engine maintenance
impact the increasing practices not only help
performance of exhaust back to reduce engine fuel
catalyst and pressure and consumption, but are
decreases the decreasing the also important to
efficiency of the filter’s soot prolong the life and
Diesel engine storage capacity ensure peak
resulting in more performance of the
frequent particulate filter.
regenerations.
EFFECTS OF FUEL AND DPF IN EXHAUST GASES EMISSION

Literature Review
Sl. Authors Title Method Experimental Results Conclusions
No. work

5 Md. Saiful Study on Collected pure Diesel engine test was The percentage The engine power
biodiesel is denoted as performed output is
Islam, Abu Emission and B100. using Techno-mate,
changes in
Saleh Performance of emissions of the same as
The blending TNM-TDE-700
Ahmed Diesel Engine NOx, PM, conventional diesel
percentage of biodiesel machine. The diesel
with diesel was set to engine testing was done for the B20 blend.
Using HC, and CO for Thus,
0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 3 times with each blend
Castor and 40% and they are of biodiesel
B20 relative to B20 can be selected
Biodiesel mentioned as B0, and important values conventional due to its better
B10, B20, B30, and such as motor speed, diesel are 2.0%, combustion with
B40. All the biodiesel output voltage, −10.1%, lower
blends were stored output current, and time −21.1%, and average percentage of
in different conical for 20mL fuel flow change in PM, CO,
flasks and sealed with were recorded. −11.0%,
aluminium foil for respectively and HC emissions
further tests. compared to
conventional diesel.
EFFECTS OF FUEL AND DPF IN EXHAUST GASES EMISSION

Gap In Literature

● All Experiments mentioned are not with the combined effort of DPF and Biodiesel hence
we are using these and comparing the results.
● Multiple mixtures have not been used in quoted publications and a side by side
comparison can be done.
EFFECTS OF FUEL AND DPF IN EXHAUST EMISSION GASES

Material & Methodology

Materials and Hardware

• Commercial Fuels and different blends of Biofuels as well as a DPF.

• Diesel Engine.
• Exhaust Gas Analyzer.

Method:

a. The diesel engine is run within the same parameters while the fuels are changed with and without
DPF. The rpm is also varied.
b. The corresponding values of emission are measured with an exhaust gas analyser.
c. Experiment is performed after changing fuel specifications.
EFFECTS OF FUEL AND DPF IN EXHAUST GASES EMISSIONS

Project Management Timeline

EFFECTS OF FUEL AND DPF IN EXHAUST EMISSION GASES

References
1. Eastwood, P. Critical Topics in Exhaust Gas Aftertreatment, Research Studies Press Ltd.,
Baldock, 2000.
2. Zheng, M., G.T. Reader, and J.G. Hawley, “Diesel Engine Exhaust Gas Recirculation—A Review on
Advanced and Novel Concepts,” Energy Convers. Manage., 45, 883-900, 2003.
3. Suresh, A., A. Khan, and J.H. Johnson, “An Experimental and Modeling Study of Cordierite
Traps – Pressure Drop and Permeability of Clean and Particulate Loaded Traps,” SAE Paper No.
2000-01-0476, 2000.
4. Code of Federal Regulations. Protection of the Environment, Title 40, Parts 80 and 86; U.S.
Government Printing Office: Washington, 2001.
EFFECTS OF FUEL AND DPF IN EXHAUST EMISSION GASES

References
5. Heck, R.M., and R.J. Farrauto, Catalytic Air Pollution Control: Commercial Technology, John
Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1995.
6. Farrauto, R.J. and K.E. Voss, “Monolithic Diesel Oxidation Catalysts,” Appl. Catal., B., 10,
29-51, 1996.
7. Schauer, J.J., M.J. Kleeman, G.R. Cass, and B.R. Simoneit, “Measurement of Emissions
from Air Pollution Sources. 2. C1 to C30 Organic Compounds from Medium Duty Diesel
Trucks,” Environ. Sci. Technol., 33, 1578-1587, 1999.
8. Johnson, J.E. and D.B. Kittelson, “Physical Factors Affecting Hydrocarbon Oxidation in a
Diesel Oxidation Catalyst,” SAE Paper No. 941771, 1994.
9. Voss, K.E., T.D. Wildman, A. Gorel, M.G. Norris, T. Rotolico, and A. Fabel, “Zirconia Based
Ceramic, In-Cylinder Coatings and Aftertreatment Oxidation Catalysts for Reduction of
Emissions from Heavy Duty Diesel Engines,” SAE Paper No. 970469, 1997.
10. Rogge, W.F., L.M. Hildemann, M.A. Mazurek, and G.R. Cass, “Sources of Fine Organic
Aerosol. 2. Noncatalyst and Catalyst-Equipped Automobiles and Heavy-Duty Diesel Trucks,”
Environ. Sci. Technol., 27, 636-651, 1993.
EFFECTS OF FUEL AND DPF IN EXHAUST EMISSION GASES

References
11. ISO 8178-4, Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines - Exhaust Emission Measurement Part 4:
Test Cycles for Different Engine Applications,
International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, 1996.
12. Liu, G.Z., T.A. Swor, J.J. Schauer, J. Debilzen, and C.A. Severance, “Source Dilution Sampling
System for Characterization of Engine Emissions under Transient or Steady-State Operation,” Aerosol
Sci. Technol., accepted for publication, 2008.
13. Belyaev, S.P. and L.M. Levin, “Investigation of Aerosol Aspiration by Photographing Particle Tracks
Under Flash Illumination,” J. Aerosol Sci., 3, 127-140, 1972.
14. Belyaev, S.P., and L.M. Levin, “Techniques for Collection of Representative Aerosol Samples,” J.
Aerosol Sci., 5, 325-338, 1974.
15. Birch, M.E. and R.A. Cary, “Elemental Carbon-Based Method for Monitoring Occupational Exposures
to Particulate Diesel Exhaust,” Aerosol
Sci. Technol., 25, 221-241, 1996.
16. Kolodziej, C., E. Wirojsakunchai, D.E. Foster, N. Schmidt, T. Kamimoto, T. Kawai, M. Akard, and T.
Yoshimura, “Comprehensive Characterization of Particulate Emissions from Advanced Diesel
Combustion,” SAE Paper No. 2007-01-1945, 2007.
EFFECTS OF FUEL AND DPF IN EXHAUST EMISSION GASES

References …
17. Seinfeld, J.H. and S.N. Pandis, Atmospheric Change, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1998.
18. Schauer, J.J., G.C. Lough, M.M. Shafer, W.F. Christensen, M.F. Arndy, J.T. DeMinter, and J.S. Park,
“Characterization of Metals Emitted from Motor Vehicles,” Research Report 133, Health Effects Institute,
Boston, 2006.
THANK YOU
EFFECTS OF FUEL AND DPF IN
EXHAUST GASES EMISSION
BATCH-57
CHIRAG SURESH KUMAR: PES1201801372
BHUSHAN RAVI KUMAR : PES1201800609
SAMARTH T : PES1201801356

Prof. SANTOSH KUMAR V