Bhavika Singh , XI-B

BIOLOGY PRESENTATION FOR

CHAPTER 3:PLANT KINGDOM
TOPIC:ALGAE OR THALLOPHYTA
LETS DISCOVER A LITTLE
ABOUT ALGAE…..
WHAT ARE ALGAE?
ALGAE ARE A DIVERSE GROUP OF AQUATIC
ORGANISMS THAT HAVE THE ABILITY TO
CONDUCT PHOTOSYNTHESIS
 CHARACTERISTICS OF ALGAE
1.BODY: SIMPLE AND THALLOID.
2.MODE OF NUTRITION: AUTOTROPHIC (CHLOROPHYLL-BEARING).
3.HABITAT: AQUATIC(MARINE AND FRESHWATER).
4.OTHER HABITATS: MOIST STONES,SOIL AND WOOD.
5.OTHER RELATIONS,ASSOCIATIONS WITH FUNGI (LICHENS) AND
ANIMALS (ON SLOTH BEAR).
6.SIZE AND FORMS: HIGHLY VARIABLE AND RANGES FROM
MICROSCOPIC UNICELLULAR (CHLAMYDOMONAS), TO
COLONIAL FORMS (VOLVOX) AND TO THE FILAMENTOUS
FORMS (ULOTHRIX AND SPIROGYRA).FEW OF THE MARINE
FORMS SUCH AS KELPS FORM MASSIVE PLANT BODIES.
METHODS OF REPRODUCTION
 ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION: PRODUCTION OF
 VEGETATIVE DIFFERENT TYPES OF SPORES ,THE MOST
COMMON BEING THE ZOOSPORES.THEY ARE
REPRODUCTION: FLAGELLATED (MOTILE) AND ON GERMINATION
GIVES RISE TO NEW PLANTS.
HERE THE REPRODUCTION  SEXUAL REPRODUCTION: THROUGH FUSION OF
TWO GAMETES .1)THESE GAMETES CAN BE
TAKES PLACE THROUGH FLGELALATED AND SIMILAR IN SIZE
(CHLAMYDOMONAS) OR NON- FLAGELLATED
THE PHENOMENON OF (NON-MOTILE) BUT SIMILAR IN
SIZE(SPIROGYRA) .SUCH REPRODUCTIO IS
TERMED ISOGAMOUS
FRAGMENTATION,EACH 2)TWO GAMETES DISSIMILAR IN SIZE,AS IN SOME
SPECIES OF CHLAMYDOMONAS IS TERMED AS
FRAGMENT DEVELOPS ANISOGAMOUS
3)FUSION BETWEEN ONE LARGE ,NON
INTO A THALLUS. MOTILE(STATIC) FEMALE GAMETE AND A
SMALLER ,MOTILE MALE GAMETE IS TERMED
OOGAMOUS.EG:(VOLVOX,FUCUS)
 Key role played by the algae
 ALGAE FIX ALMOST HALF OF THE CO2 ON EARTH
THROUGH PHOTOSYNTHESIS.
 BEING PHOTOSYNTHETIC THEY INCREASE THE LEVEL OF
DISSOLVED O2 IN THEIR IMMEDIATE ENVIRONMENT.
 PRODUCERS OF ENERGY-RICH COMPOUNDS WHICH
FORM THE BASIS OF THE FOOD CYCLES OF ALL
AQUATIC ANIMALS.
 CERTAIN MARINE BROWN AND RED ALGAE PRODUCE
LARGE AMOUNTSOF HYDROCOLLOIDS (WATER
HOLDING SUBSTANCES).
 ECONOMICAL IMPORTANCE OF
ALGAE
 ALGAE LIKE ALGIN(BROWN ALGAE) AND
CARRAGEEN(RED ALGAE) ARE USED
COMMERCIALLY.
 AGAR, ONE OF THE COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS
OBTAINED FROM GELIDIUM AND GRACILARIA
ARE USED TO GROW MICROBES AND IN
PREPARATION OF ICE CREAMS AND JELLIES.
 CHLORELLA AND SPIRULLINA ARE UNICELLULAR ALGAE,
RICH IN PROTEINS AND ARE USED AS FOOD
SUPPLEMENTS EVEN BY SPACE TRAVELLERS.
 TYPES OF ALGAE:
1)CHLOROPHYCEAE(GREEN
ALGAE)
2)PHAEOPHYCEAE(BROWN
ALGAE)
3)RHODOPHYCEAE(RED
ALGAE)
1)LICHENS ,2)ALGAE ON SLOTH BEAR ,3)CHLAMYDOMONAS ,4)VOLVOX,5) LETS LEARN A LITTLE
ULOTHRIX,6) SPIROGYRA, 7)FUCUS,8)GELIDIUM AND 9)GRACILARIA
THROUGH PICTURES OF
DIFFERENT ALGAE…….
LETS MEMORIZE VISUALLY……
1)PORPHYRA,2)LAMINARIA,3)SARGASSUM,4)SPIRULLINA,5)CHLORELLA,6)CHARA,7)ECTOCARPUS,8)DICT
YOTA AND 9) POLYSIPHONIA