NETWORK TECHNIQUES

FOR PROJECT
MANAGEMENT
INTRODUCTION TO PERT AND CPM:
Formulas to compute ES,EF,LS, LF:

 ES= Ei
 EF= Ei+t (duration)
 LS= Lj-t
 LF= Lj

The values of ES and LS is obtained by the forward pass method and backward pass
method.
 FLOAT MEANING:
 Float of an activity represents the excess time available by which an activity
can be delayed. There are three types of float.
1. Total Float.
2. Free Float.
3. Independent Float.
TOTAL FLOAT:
 Total float signifies the maximum delay that can be permitted in the
completion on an activity without affecting project completion.
 FORMULA:
 Total Float= Latest Start-Earliest Start(LS-ES) or
Total Float=Latest Finish-Earliest Finish(LF-EF).
 FREE FLOAT:
 This is the amount of time by which an activity can be delayed without
affecting the commencement of succeeding activity at its earliest start time but
may affect the float of the previous activity.
 INDEPENDENT FLOAT:
 The amount of time by which an activity can be delayed when all the preceeding
activities are completed as late as possible and the succeeding activities are
completed as early as possible.
PROBLEMS ON PERT AND CPM:
1) Constructing a network diagram.
2) Determining critical path using forward pass method and
backward pass method.
3) Calculation of total float only.
4) Computation of expected duration of the project and the project
variance and standard deviation.
5) Computation of ES,EF,LS,LF.