CLASS 10

CHEMISTRY
CHAPTER 1:CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND EQUATIONS
IMPORTANT POINTS & PYQS
 REDUCTION AND OXIDATION
• REDUCTION: addition of hydrogen,Loss of oxygen---Oxidising
Agent(Itself undergo reduction),cause of oxidation
• OXIDATION: addition of oxygen,Removal of hydrogen---Reducing
agent(itself undergo oxidation),cause of reduction.
 TYPES OF REACTION
COMBINATION REACTION,When two or more reactants combine together to form a single product EXOTHERMIC

DECOMPSITION REACTION Single reactants breakdown to give simpler products ENDOTHERMIC,

Thermal Decomposition
DISPLACEMENT REACTION When a more reactive metal displaces another a less reactive metal from its compound..

DOUBLEDISPLACEMENT REACTION Exchange of ions between the reactants PRECIPITATION REACTION

OXIDATION AND REDUCTION

OXIDISING AGENT REDUCING AGENT
EFFECTS OF OXIDATION REACTION IN
EVERYDAY LIFE
CORROSION
• When a metal is attacked by substances around it such as moisture,acids etc it
is said to corrode process called corrosion. Black coating on silver,green
coating on copper are examples.
RANCIDITY
• When fats and oils are oxidized,they become rancid and their smell and taste
change.Usually substances that prevent oxidation are added to food containing
fats and oil.Keeping food in air tight container slow down oxidation.
 COMPOUND COLOR
ZnSO4 Colorless

COMPOUND COLOR
COLOR AgNO3
Fe3O4
Colorless
Black
Mg ribbon Silvery white CuO Black
MgO White Fe2O3 Red-Reddish
brown
CaO White
PbO Red/Yellow
Ca(OH)2 White powder powder
CaCO3 White Cu Red-
Pb(NO3)2 Colorless crystal/White Orange/Brown
powder FeSO4 Green
AgCl White CuCl2 Green(dihydrate)
CuCO3.Cu(OH)2 Green
BaSO4 White
PbCl2 White
CuSO4 Blue
ZnO Pureform-white,yellow to Cu(NO3)2 Blue
red color
Ag Grey
MnCl2 Pink Solid
 POINTS TO REMEMBER
• FERRIC Fe3+,FERROUS Fe2+
• CUPRIC Cu2+,CUPROUS Cu+1
• CaO-Quick lime(Used in the manufacture of cement) Ca(OH) 2-Slaked
lime(Used for whitewashing the walls)
• NO2g brown fumes
• Metal oxides dissolve on water to give basic solution
• Nonmetal oxide dissolve in water to give acidic solution
PYQ’S
IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
 QUESTIONS
• Account for the following
• White silver chloride turns grey in sunlight
• Brown colored copper powder on heating in air turns into black colored
substance
 QUESTIONS
• What color change do you observe when
• If you add Zn to a solution of copper sulphate?
• If you add Pb to a solution of cupric chloride
• Write balanced chemical equation
 QUESTIONS
• Complete and balance the following equations
• HgCl2+KI
• Al+Cr2O3
• CuSO4+H2S
• (NH4)2Cr2O7 heat
 QUESTIONS
• Illustrate an activity along with a labelled diagram,to show that change in
the matter and change in temperature takes place during a chemical
reaction
 QUESTIONS
• Write balanced chemical reaction
• Natural gas burns and combineswith oxygen to produce carbondioxide
and water
• Ferrous sulphate crystals on heatingbreak up into ferric
oxide,sulphurdioxide and sulphurtrioxide
 QUESTIONS
• On heating bluecolored powder of copper(11)nitrate in a boiling
tube,copper oxide(black),oxygen gas and a brown gasX is formed
• Write the balanced chemical equation
• Identify the brown gasXevolved
• Identify the type of reaction
• What could be the ph range of aqueous solution of the gasX
 QUESTIONS
• Can we stir silvernitrate solution with a copper spoon?
• Why or why not?Support your answer with reason
 QUESTIONS
• Why a brown coating is formed on the iron rod when iron rod is kept
dipped in copper sulphate solution for sometime? What change will be
observed in the color of the solution.
 QUESTIONS
• A green coating develops on the copper vessel in the rainy season why?
 QUESTIONS
• Balance
• NaOH+H2SO4 Na2SO4+H2O
• PbO +C Pb+CO2
• Fe2SO3+Al Al2SO3+Fe+Heat
 QUESTIONS
• Balance
• Braium chloride +Potassium Sulphate Barium sulphate +Potassium
chloride
• Zinc +Nitrate Zinc nitrate +Silver