R IC A L A N T E CE D E N T S

HISTO
IN T H E W O R L D
BY: M S. ED ESA JA RA BE JO
HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS IN THE WORLD
An antecedent is defined as a precursor to the unfolding or
existence of something.
Thus, historical antecedents in science and technology are factors
that paved the way for the presence of advanced and sophisticated
scientific and technological innovations today.
HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS IN THE WORLD
ANCIENT PERIOD

 The rise of ancient civilizations paved away for advances in science and
technology
 These advances during Ancient period allowed civilizations to flourish by
finding better ways of communication, transportation, self-organization and
of living in general
HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS IN THE WORLD
ANCIENT PERIOD

Ancient Wheel

 People from ancient civilizations used animals for transportation long

before the invention of the wheel.

 The ancient wheel grew out of a mechanical device called the potter’s
wheel- a heavy flat disk made of hardened clay which was spun
horizontally on an axis.

 It is believed that the Sumerians invented the potter’s wheel shortly

after 3500 BC.
HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS IN THE WORLD
ANCIENT PERIOD

 The ancient Egyptians began writing on

Paper
papyrus, a similar to thick paper, around 3000
BC.
 Papyrus is made from the pith of the papyrus
plant cyperus papyrus.

 With the advent of papyrus, documentation and

record-keeping became efficient, widespread
and vast.
HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS IN THE WORLD
ANCIENT PERIOD

Shadoof

 Shadoof was an early tool invented and used by

ancient Egyptians to irrigate land.
 It is a hand-operated device used for lifting water.
 It is also believed to be an ancient precursor of more
sophisticated irrigation tools.
HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS IN THE WORLD
ANCIENT PERIOD

Antikythera Mechanism
 It is similar to a clock in the way that the case has a circular face
and rotating hands.
 It is widely believed that the Antikythera mechanism was used to
predict astronomical positions and eclipses for calendar and
astrological purposes.
 It is also believed that it is one of the oldest known antecedents of
modern clockwork and was invented by Gr eek scientists between
150-100 BC.
HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS IN THE WORLD
ANCIENT PERIOD

Aeolipile
Also known as the Hero’s Engine, the aeolipile is widely
believed to be the ancient precursor of the steam engine.
Hero of Alexandria is credited for the demonstration of
the use of the aeolipile during the 1st century AD.
HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS IN THE WORLD
MIDDLE AGES

 Between the collapse of the Roman Empire in 5 th century AD and the colonial
expansion of Western Europe in late 15th Century AD,
 These include steady increase of new inventions, introduction of innovations in
traditional production, and emergence of scientific thinking and method.
 Some of the humanity’s most important present-day technologies could be traced
back to their historical antecedents in the Middle Ages.
HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS IN THE WORLD
MIDDLE AGES

Heavy Plough  One of the most important technological innovations during

the middle ages is the invention of the heavy plough.
 Through the invention of the heavy plough, it became
possible to harness clay soil.
 The heavy plough stirred an agricultural revolution in
Northern Europe marked by higher and healthier
agricultural yields and more efficient agricultural practices.

An impression of the heavy

HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS IN THE WORLD
MIDDLE AGES

Heavy Plough  One of the most important technological innovations during

the middle ages is the invention of the heavy plough.
 Through the invention of the heavy plough, it became
possible to harness clay soil.
 The heavy plough stirred an agricultural revolution in
Northern Europe marked by higher and healthier
agricultural yields and more efficient agricultural practices.

An impression of the heavy

HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS IN THE WORLD
MIDDLE AGES

Gunpowder
 Around 850 AD, Chinese alchemists accidentally
invented black powder or gunpowder.
 Since its invention, the gunpowder has allowed for
more advanced warfare.
 The gunpowder has prompted foundation for the
functionality of almost every new weapon used in
war since its invention.

Illustration of a Chinese
warrior using
gunpowder in weapons
HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS IN THE WORLD
MIDDLE AGES
 The first known versions of paper money could be traced
Paper Money back to the Chinese in the 17th Century AD as an offshoot of
the invention of block printing.
 Before the introduction of paper money, precious metals
such as gold and silver were used as currency.
 It did not gain immediate success when the Mongols
attempted to introduce this into the Middle East market.
 Traders and merchants realized the huge advantage of
paper money because it was easier to transport around
compared to the previous forms of currencies.
HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS IN THE WORLD
MIDDLE AGES

Mechanical Clock
 The development of mechanical clocks paved
the way for accurately keeping track of time.
 The sophistication of clockwork technology of
the mechanical clock drastically changed the
way days were spent and work patterns were
established, particularly in the more advanced
Middle Ages cities.
HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS IN THE WORLD
MIDDLE AGES

Spinning Wheel

 It is a machine used for transforming fiber into

thread or yarn and eventually woven into cloth on a
loom.
 Although no consensus could be made regarding the
origin of the spinning wheel, it is theorized that the
Indians invented the spinning wheel between 60 th and
11th Century AD.
HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS IN THE WORLD
MODERN AGES

Compound Microscope

 Zacharias Janssen, a Dutch maker, is credited for

the invention of the first compound microscope in
1590.
 Janssen’s compound microscope was an important
progression from the single lens microscope.
 It was capable of magnifying objects three times
their size when fully closed and up to ten times
when extended to the maximum.
HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS IN THE WORLD
MODERN AGES

Telescope
 Most important technological invention in the study
of astronomy during the Modern Ages was the
practical telescope invented by Galileo Galilei
 It can magnify objects 20 times larger than the Dutch
perspective glasses.
 It was Galileo who first used telescope skyward and
made important astronomical discoveries and
identified the presence of craters and mountains on
the moon.
HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS IN THE WORLD
MODERN AGES
Jacquard Loom
 As the Industrial Revolution reached full speed, the
Jacquard loom was considered as one of the most
critical drivers of the revolution.
 Built by French weaver Joseph Marie Jacquard, the
Jacquard loom simplifies textile manufacturing.
 The Jacquard loom is also an important antecedent of
modern computer technology as it demonstrated the
use of punched cards to instruct a machine to carry out
complex tasks, i.e. making different textile patterns.
 HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS IN THE WORLD
MODERN AGES
Engine-Powered Airplane
The flight of Flying Machine of Orville and
Wilbur Wright
 Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright are
credited for designing and
successfully operating the first
engine-powered aircraft.
 The Wright brothers proved that
aircrafts could fly without airfoil-
shaped wings.
 They demonstrated this in their
original Flying Machine patent
showing that slightly-tilted wings,
which they referred to as aeroplanes,
were the key features of a powered
aircraft.
 The Wright brothers were brilliant
scientists who paved the way for
modern aircraft technology.
HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS IN THE WORLD
MODERN AGES
Television
 John Logie Baird, Scottish Engineer, who invented the
modern television.
 In 1924- Baird successfully televised objects in
outline, 1925- recognizable human faces, 1928-
projected colored images.
 HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS IN THE WORLD
INVENTIONS BY FILIPINO SCIENTISTS
Filipinos are responsible for developing many scientific and technological innovations focused
on navigation, traditional shipbuilding, textiles, food processing, indigenous arts and techniques,
and even cultural inventions.

Electronic Jeepney (e-jeepney)  It is one of the most recognizable national symbols of

the Philippines and most popular mode of public
transportations in the country.
 The e-jeepney was introduced in Metro Manila and
Bacolod City.
 E-jeepneys are designed to be environment-friendly,
eliminating noise and air pollution as they run on
electricity.
HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS IN THE WORLD
INVENTIONS BY FILIPINO SCIENTISTS

Erythromycin

 Abelardo Aguilar, an Ilonggo scientist who invented

this antibiotic out of a strain of bacterium called
Streptomyces erythreus, from which this drug
derived its name.

Abelardo Aguilar and his Erythromycin

 HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS IN THE WORLD
INVENTIONS BY FILIPINO SCIENTISTS

Medical Incubator  Dr. Fe del Mundo, world-renowned Filipino

pediatrician and national scientist who was invented
the incubator and jaundice device.
 She was the first woman pediatrician to be admitted
to the prestigious Harvard University’s School of
Medicine.
 Del Mundo’s incubator was particularly outstanding
as it addressed the state of Philippine rural
communities that had no electricity to aid the
regulation of body temperatures of new born babies.
HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS IN THE WORLD
INVENTIONS BY FILIPINO SCIENTISTS
Mole Remover

 Rolando dela Cruz, who invented the invention of a local mole

remover that use of extracts of cashew nuts (Annacardium
occidentale), which are very common in Philippines
 The indigenous formula easily caught on its accessibility,
affordability and painless and scarless procedure.
Dela Cruz won a gold medal for this invention in the
International Invention, Innovation, Industrial design and
Technology Exhibition in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in 2000.
 HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS IN THE WORLD
INVENTIONS BY FILIPINO SCIENTISTS

Banana Ketchup

 Maria Orosa, Filipino food Technologist, invented the

banana ketchup, a variety of ketchup different from
the commonly known tomato ketchup.
 Orosa’s banana ketchup is brownish-yellow in
natural color, but is dyed red to resemble the color of
the most loved tomato ketchup.
Thank You
And
God bless!