The Social Sciences:

Sociology, Anthropology, and

Political Science
Study of Society:
1.Mapping the social forces impinging
on social actors as their lives intersect
in society.
2.Rehearsing the structures and
components of cultural practices and
traditions
3.Exposing the asymmetrical power
distributions among members of social
communities and organizations.
SOCIOLOGY
 What is
Sociology
?
What’s with the AlDub
Craze?
SOCIOLOGY
Focuses on the ubiquity of social forces in
unlikely forms: sex, gender, religion, class,
race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and the
like.
“the study of human social life,
groups and society”
Social forces

Represent a constellation of unseen yet

powerful forces influencing the behavior of
individuals and institutions.

normally in the guise of rules, norms, and

expectations
Social map

Person’s specific economic and political

location.
“the vivid awareness of the relationship
between private experience and wider
society” –C. Wright Mills

 it allows the social

actors to discern
opportunities where
there is none by
converting their
personal troubles
into public issues.
 HISTORY OF
SOCIOLOGY
Industrial Revolution
French Revolution
in England (18th
(1789)
Century)
Auguste Comte
(1798-1857)
“Father of Sociology”

He believed that society

operates according to
certain laws, just as the
physical world operates
according to gravity and
other laws of nature.
 Herbert
(1820- 1903)
Spencer
“Survival of the fittest”

He likened society to
an organism with a life
and vitality of its own.
 Emile
Durkheim
(1858-1917)
“Niche
Problematique”
 Social Fact
-it has distinctive characteristics and
determinants which are capable of
holding an external constraints on the
individual
 Karl Marx
“T(h1e8C1o8m-
m1u8n8si 3t )
Manifesto”
He reiterated
political that
revolution
vital in the
evolutionary processwas of
only society, to
the
means
improvement achieve
condition. of
social
 Max Weber
“Th(e1m8o6st4i-

m1p9or2ta0n)t
proponent of interpretive
sociology”
He believed that
a “sympathetic
understanding,
vertsehen, of the mind of
others” was essential
 SOCIAL
INTERACTIONISM
“governed by the meanings shared and co-
created by social actors in every interaction
or encounter”

- Charles Horton Cooley

- Herbert Blumer
- George Herbert Mead
-Is derived from two Greek words:
Anthropos and logos.
-Studies humans and the respective cultures
where they were born and actively belong.
-Considered the father or even
grandfather of social sciences the
all
behavioral sciences. and
 Franz
“father of
Boas
American
He believed
Anthropology”
that the
same method and
strategy could be applied
in measuring culture and
human behavior while
conducting research
among humans including
the uniqueness of their
cultures.
 Alfred Kroeber and
William Henry
-indigenous
rights like
traditional cultural
preservation and
ancestral domain
ofthe American
tribes
 As a Social
Science
-it focuses on human diversity around
the world.

-anthropologist look at cross-cultural

differences in social institutions, cultural
beliefs, and communication styles.
CULTURA
L
Multicultural
DIVERSITY
ism
 SOCIAL
DIVERSITY
-refers to the gaps between people
as measured by the presence or
absence of certain socially
desirable traits
 CASTE
SYSTEM

the system of dividing society into

 CLAS
S

A person’s position is based upon

ESTAT
E
Gives
emphasis
to birth as
well as
wealth and
possessions
 SLAVER
Y
Had economic
basis
the wherein
shows master
over slave power
 POLITICAL
SCIENCE
-The systematic study of government
and politics.

- is the discipline that problematizes the

nature of power and studies how
possession and exercise of power can
shape individual actions and collective
decisions for that matter.
 The activity through which
people make, preserve, and
amend the general rules
under which they live.
POWER
Ability to influence
others. gives
It
authority to lead
ORDER
Is
attained
through
obedience
on the
rules set by
JUSTICE
Is felt in a
society with
order.
The alteration of mechanisms
within the social
characterized by changes structure,
in
cultural symbols, rules of behavior,
social organizations, or value
system.
-is an intentional action with the
goal of bringing
about social change.

-The efforts to promote, inhibit, or

(re)direct social, political,
economic, environmental
with desire to issues
the
improvements in make
society
correct social injustice.
and
 BARON DE
MONTESQUIEU
carries out the laws but
cannot make laws to make
themselves powerful.
-the part that makes laws
the judiciary is responsible
making surethat
for
criminals are punished so
that members of the
government cannot ignore
the law as the judiciary can
THOMAS HOBBES
the founders of
modern
political
philosophy
 JOHNJOHLNOLOCCKK
E E
Father of
Liberalism"