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ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
Mian Ali Haider
L.L.B., L.L.M (Cum Laude) U.K.
INTRODUCTION
The most significant and outstanding development of the twentieth century is
the rapid growth of administrative law.
Though administrative law has been in existence, in one form or the other,
before the 20th century, it is in this century that the philosophy as to the role
and function of the State has undergone a radical change.
The governmental functions have multiplied by leaps and bounds
Today, the State is not merely a police State, exercising sovereign functions,
but as a progressive democratic State, it seeks to ensure social security and
social welfare for the common man, regulates the industrial relations,
exercises control over the prk.oduction, manufacture and distribution of
essential commodities, starts many enterprises, tries to achieve equality for all
and ensures equal pay for equal wor
PROBLEMS WITH
DEFINITIONS
It is indeed difficult to evolve a scientific, precise
and satisfactory definition of Administrative Law.
Many jurists have made attempts to define it, but
none of the definitions has completely demarcated
the nature, scope and content of administrative law.
Either the definitions are too broad and include much more
than necessary
or they are too narrow and do not include all essential
ingredients
For some it is the law relating to the control of powers of the
government.
The main object of this law is to protect individual rights.
Others place greater emphasis upon rules which are designed to
ensure that the administration effectively performs the tasks
assigned to it.
Yet others highlight the principal objective of Administrative
Law as ensuring governmental accountability, and fostering
participation by interested parties in the decision- making process
Ivory Jennings gave most widely-accepted definition
Administrative Law is the law relating to the administration.
It determines the organization, powers and duties of the
administrative authorities.
According to Griffith and Street, there are three difficulties:
It does not distinguish administrative law from constitutional
law;
It is a very wide definition, for the law which determines the
powers and functions of administrative authorities may also
deal with the substantive aspects of such powers, for
example, legislations relating to public health services,
houses, town and country planning, etc.; but these are not
included within the scope and ambit of administrative law.
Again, it does not include the remedies available to an
aggrieved person when his rights are adversely affected by
the administration.
According to Kennith Culp Davis
“Administrative Law is the law concerning the powers and procedures of
administrative agencies, including especially the law governing judicial review of
administrative action.”
In one respect, this definition is proper as it puts emphasis on procedure
followed by administrative agencies in exercising their powers.
However, it does not include the substantive laws made by these agencies.
According to Davis, an administrative agency is a governmental authority,
other than a court and a legislature which affects the rights of private parties
either through administrative adjudication or rule-making.
The difficulty in accepting this definition, however, is that it does
not include many non adjudicative and yet administrative
functions of the administration which cannot be characterized as
legislative or quasi-judicial.
Another difficulty with this definition is that it puts an emphasis
on the control of the administrative functions by the judiciary,
but does not study other equally important controls, e.g.
parliamentary control of delegated legislation,
control through administrative appeals or revisions and the
like
According to Professor Upendra Bakshi of India
“Administrative law as that portion of law which controls the abuse
of powers by the administrative authorities so as to protect the rights
of individuals”
On an analysis of the above definitions, it may be submitted that there
is no comprehensive definition of administrative law till today
Administrative law is that portion of law which determines the