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Day 1a: Setting Up Emergency Medical Service
Day 1a: Setting Up Emergency Medical Service
Intensive Course & Workshop
Dr Sutomo Hospital
Dept Anesthesiology & Reanimation,
Airlangga University, School of Medicine Surabaya
Emergency Medicine & Disaster Management
Working Group
Module
Day 1a
1a_Airway basic
Day 1
Introduction to Emergency Medical System
1.00 Why victims die and how we can help
The ABCD approach of Primary Survey (quick dx, quick treatment)
1.30 Skills
Use of Advanced Airway Adjuncts
1.00 Oxygen and Drugs used in airway problems
1.30 Skills
1a_Airway basic
Introduction to Emergency Medical System
Why victims die and how we can help
1a_Airway basic
Mengapa
korban tewas ?
Distribusi saat dan penyebab kematian
korban trauma
30
25 late
20
15
10
5
0
0-1 jam 1- 4 jam 2-6 minggu
Kerusakan Perdarahan Infeksi dan
SSP, jantung, banyak gagal organ ganda
pemb darah besar
mati dalam waktu
A = A-irway
Life Support B = B-reathing
Resusitasi C = C-irculation
Stabilisasi D = D-isability
Terapi Definitif /
Spesialistik
Derajat kegawatan
korban berbeda-beda
Triage Survei primer Terapi definitif
Survei sekunder / rujukan
RS lain
Kamar
RESUSITASI Operasi
& STABILISASI
ICU
TRIAGE TRIASE
PRIMARY SURVEY SURVEI PRIMER
SECONDARY SURVEY SURVEI SEKUNDER
STABILISATION STABILISASI
TRANSFER RUJUKAN
DEFINITIVE CARE TERAPI DEFINITIF
1a_Airway basic
The ABCD approach of Primary Survey
(quick dx, quick treatment)
1a_Airway basic
Survei Primer
A-irway
B-reathing
C-irculation
D-isability
E-xposure
1a_Airway basic
Tujuan Survei Primer
• Secepat mungkin menemukan kelainan
yang mengancam jiwa (cepat mematikan)
– di sektor A - B - C - D
• Memberikan pertolongan yang memadai
untuk menyelamatkan jiwa
• Pertolongan meliputi :
– Resusitasi
– Stabilisasi
1a_Airway basic
Airway
menilai jalan nafas
1a_Airway basic
Day 1
Introduction to Emergency Medical System
1.00 Why victims die and how we can help
The ABCD approach of Primary Survey (quick dx, quick treatment)
1.30 Skills
Use of Advanced Airway Adjuncts
1.00 Oxygen and Drugs used in airway problems
1.30 Skills
1a_Airway basic
Diagnosis and Understanding
Airway Emergencies
1a_Airway basic
Batas
Upper
dan
Lower
Resp tract
1a_Airway basic
Gangguan jalan nafas atas
Ada nafas
Tidak ada nafas
- berikan nafas buatan
- berikan oksigen
1a_Airway basic
X X
Korban tak sadar jangan diberi bantal di kepala
jangan diberi ganjal di bahu
1a_Airway basic
Menilai jalan nafas
• LIHAT - LOOK
– Gerak dada & perut
– Tanda distres nafas
– Warna mukosa, kulit
• DENGAR - LISTEN
– Gerak udara nafas
dengan telinga
• RABA - FEEL
– Gerak udara nafas
dengan pipi
1a_Airway basic
Tanda sumbatan / obstruksi jalan nafas
1a_Airway basic
Treatment of airway obstructions
(manual methods)
1a_Airway basic
Membebaskan jalan nafas
• Sumbatan pangkal lidah
– jaw thrust
– chin lift
– jalan nafas oropharynx
– jalan nafas nasopharynx
– intubasi trachea / LMA
• Cairan di hypopharynx
– penghisap / suction
• Sumbatan di plica vocalis
– cricothyroidotomy
1a_Airway basic
X Pada pasien trauma
X
CHIN LIFT hati-hati
NECK LIFT
jangan dilakukan X
X
HEAD TILT
1a_Airway basic jangan dilakukan
2
paha jepit kepala
1
jaw thrust
3
lutut menahan
bahu
1a_Airway basic
Oro-pharyngeal tube
1a_Airway basic
Naso-pharyngeal airway
1a_Airway basic
?
1a_Airway basic
Airway skill 1
• Diagnosis of airway obstruction
– Look, listen, feel
• Fingers position for Jaw Thrust
• (head tilt, chin lift)