GOOD MORNING……...

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MULTIMODALBIOMETRICS
USING FINGERPRINT,
FACE & IRIS
By :-
Siddharth C. Naik.

Under The Guidance Of:-

Prof. Devayani Phadke.

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 CONTENTS
1. HISTORY OF BIOMETRICS……………………………….. 4

2. BIOMETRICS INTRODUCTION
& BASICS …………………………… 5 – 8

3. TYPES OF BIOMETRICS
(FINGERPRINT,IRIS,FACE)………………………………….. 9 - 19

4. MULTIMODAL BIOMETRICS……………………………….. 20 – 25

5. REFERENCES …………………………………………………... 26

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 ORIGIN OF BIOMETRICS
 "Biometric" come from the Greek words "bio" (life) and
"metric" (to measure).

 Origin in 14th century in china ( JAO DE BARROS)

 In 19th PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTIC BIOMETRIC came

into existance ( ALPHONSE BERTILLON)

 In 20th FINGERPRINT BIOMETRIC was decided as the

most accurate system

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 WHAT IS BIOMETRICS ?
 "Biometric" come from the Greek words "bio" (life) and "metric"
(to measure).

 Biometrics are technologies used for measuring and analyzing a

person's unique characteristics.

 There are two types of biometrics: behavioral and physical.

Behavioral biometrics are generally used for verification
(ex: voice ,gait ,signature , etc)
while physical biometrics can be used for either identification or
verification.(ex: fingerprint ,palmprint ,vein ,iris, retina, etc)

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 WHAT ARE BIOMETRIC
SYSTEMS USED FOR ?
 Biometrics are used for identification and verification:

 Identification is determining who a person is. It involves trying to

find a match for a person's biometric data in a database
containing records of people and that characteristic. This method
requires time and a large amount of processing power, especially
if the database is very large.
 Verification is determining if a person is who they say they are. It
involves comparing a user's biometric data to the previously
recorded data for that person to ensure that this is the same
person. This method requires less processing power and time,
and is used for access control (to buildings or data).
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 HOW BIOMETRIC
SYSYTEM WORKS ?
 A scanner / reader that captures the user's biometrics
characteristics
 A piece of software that converts this data into digital form and
compares it with data previously recorded
 A database, which stores the biometric data.
 The process comprises 4 main steps:
> sample capture
> feature extraction
> template formation
> matching

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 WHY BIOMETRICS ?
 Traditionally…
What you have – keys, badges, ID cards
What you know – username/password, PIN, combination,
personal info. (SSN, DOB, etc.)

 BIOMETRICS…
What you are
Convenience (can’t lose it or forget it)
Helps combat identity theft, workplace fraud, etc.
National security (Iraq, Afghanistan, US borders)
Personal security (protects personal property)

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 FINGERPRINT BIOMETRICS
 Fingerprints have been used for authentication
and forensic investigations for a long time.
 Fingerprint consists of several RIDGES and
FURROWS(valley).
 The ridges form so-called minutia points: ridge
endings (where a ridge end) and ridge
bifurcations (where a ridge splits in two). Many
types of minutiae exist, including dots (very
small ridges), islands (ridges slightly longer than
dots, etc.
 Fingerprints are usually considered to be
unique, with no two fingers having the exact
same dermal ridge characteristics.

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 FINGERPRINT BIOMETRICS
 How does fingerprint biometrics work ???

 Minutia matching compares specific details within the fingerprint

ridges. At registration (also called enrollment), the minutia points
are located, together with their relative positions to each other
and their directions. At the matching stage, the fingerprint image
is processed to extract its minutia points, which are then
compared with the registered template.

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 FINGERPRINT BIOMETRICS
DISADVANTAGES
 Costly

 Large processing time

 False readings

 Loss of minutia points due to wearing of ridges

 Unable to read /match database due to dirt or dryness of fingers

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 IRIS BIOMETRICS
 Characteristics of IRIS.

 How does IRIS BIOMETRIC work ???

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IRIS BIOMETRICS
 When aligned properly, the
procedure for capturing
the iris takes about 1 or 2
seconds.

 The eye is captured by the

camera

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 IRIS BIOMETRICS

 A grid overlay of the eye generates 512 byte template

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 The software converts the pattern into binary code

 Then compares that with the data – base, giving user

acknowledgement as:

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 IRIS BIOMETRICS
DISADVANTAGES
 Very Expensive

 Intrusive

 A lot of memory for the data to be stored

 The user must hold still while the scan is taking place

 Unable to read /match database due to dirt on cornea.

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 FACE BIOMETRICS
Principles of face biometrics
 Characteristics of every persons face are unique

How does it work ???

 Biometric facial recognition systems will measure and analyze the
overall structure, shape and proportions of the face.

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 FACE BIOMETRICS
 Enrolement

 Verification And Identification with validation

acknowledgement.

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 FACE BIOMETRICS
DISADVANTAGES
 Face biometric systems are more suited for authentication than
for identification purposes, as it is easy to change the proportion
of one's face by wearing a mask, a nose extension, etc.

 Civil liberty: Most people are incomfortable with having their

picture taken.

 Lot of complexity involved.

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MULTIMODAL BIOMETRICS
 Biometric systems based solely on one-modal
biometrics are often not able to meet the desired
performance requirements for large user population
applications

 Multimodal biometrics refers to the use of a

combination of two or more biometric modalities in

a single identification system.

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MULTIMODAL BIOMETRICS
 The goal of multimodal-biometrics is to reduce one or more of the
following:
• False accept rate (FAR)
-- It is the percentage of imposters that are incorrectly granted
access.
• False reject rate (FRR)
-- It is the percentage of valid users who are incorrectly denied
access.
• Failure to enroll rate (FTE)
-- Not all individuals are able to enroll in a selected biometric
system, due to worn, damaged, or otherwise unreadable
biometrics.
• Susceptibility to artifacts or mimics

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MULTIMODAL BIOMETRICS
 Important type of fusion for multimodal system
‘SCORE-LEVEL FUSION’

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MULTIMODAL BIOMETRICS
Future Scope
 By measuring facial geometry, surveillance systems can
identify suspects against characteristics stored in the
security system's database

 Can used in CAR’S & CELL PHONES.

 In immigration offices ,to save time ,etc.

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MULTIMODAL BIOMETRICS
DISADVANTAGES
 It increases:

• Sensor cost
• Enrollment time
• System development and complexity

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MULTIMODAL BIOMETRICS

CONCLUSION :
 Thus we have seen over views and various scenarios in
BIOMETRICS and MULTIMODAL-BIOMETRICS using
FINGERPRINT ,FACE and IRIS recognition.

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 REFERENCES
 IEEE PAPERS[www.ieeexplore.com]
Multimodal Biometric Identification for Large User
population Using Fingerprint, Face and Iris Recognition

 INFORMATION[www.biometricsnewsportal.com]

 INFORMATION[www.authorstream.com]

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THANK-YOU…!!!

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