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Soap and Water
Soap and Water
settlement tank
supplied to
homes, offices
and factories
7 of 55 © Boardworks Ltd 2009
Stages in water treatment
The simplest
method of
desalination is
to distil the
water, leaving
the salt behind.
solvent
dissolving
How can you use the results to calculate the solubility in g/dm3
of each solid?
CO2
sedimentation circulation
This is because
dissolved chemicals in
the hard water react with
soap to form a scum.
The soap will only form a lather when all the dissolved
calcium hydrogen carbonate in the water has reacted.
Using hard water can cause problems:
More soap is needed to get a lather.
It can be difficult to clean the scum from bathtubs and sinks.
Hard water can be unsuitable for industrial processes
like dying.
2CH3COOH (aq) + CaCO3 (s) (CH3COO)2Ca (aq) + CO2 (g) + H2O (l)
calcium sodium
sodium calcium
hydrogen + + hydrogen
carbonate carbonate
carbonate carbonate
Ca(HCO3)2 (aq) + Na2CO3 (s) CaCO3 (s) + 2NaHCO3 (aq)
oil
sodium octadecylsulfonate
The enzymes
are used to break
down chemicals,
e.g. in stains on
clothes.