The Endocrine System

The endocrine glands control the body’s

metabolic processes. The endocrine and
metabolic control systems offer many of the
greatest opportunities for preventing the
disabilities associated with aging (Solomon,
2003).

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Hypothalamus- produces hormones that control the structures in the endocrine
system.
Pituitary gland-storing hormones produced by the hypothalamus and
production of hormones that affect the ovaries, testes, breasts, and thyroid
gland.
Thyroid gland- thyroid antibody level rise with age, making it difficult to
discern at what levels these antibodies indicate thyroiditis.
Parathyroids- affects calcium and phosphate levels, which, in turn, affects bone
strength.
Adrenal glands- produce the hormones aldosterone (to regulate fluid and
electrolyte balance) and cortisol (the “stress response” hormone).
Ovaries and testes- produce the sex hormones that control secondary sex
characteristics, such as breasts and facial hair.

Most common endocrine disorder in the geriatric community: Adult

hypopituitarism, hypothyroidism, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, adrenal
 Diabetes mellitus: As the general population continues to
age, the number of adults 65 years or older affected by
diabetes is also increasing. An estimated 33% of adults
aged 65 or older have diabetes.
Nursing Assessment: Diagnoses
• Assess the patient’s history. • Risk for infection 
• Assess physical condition. • Risk for disturbed sensory
• Laboratory examinations.  perception
• Impaired skin integrity
Nursing Management:
• Educate about home glucose monitoring. 
• Discuss how client’s antidiabetic medications
work.
• Educate client on wound care, insulin preparation,