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6 Lighting
6 Lighting
5.0
5.0 LIGHTING
6.1 General 3. High-Intensity Discharge
Lamps
are members of the electric
6.1 General 6.1.1 Types of Lamps
discharge family of light sources (as
6.2 Incandescent Lamps are fluorescent lamps). Light is
1. Filament Lamps
6.3 R and PAR Lamps produced when a high-pressure
electric arc is passed through a gas
6.4 Tungsten Halogen Lamps a) Incandescent Lamps
vapor, rather than by a low-pressure
b) R and PAR
6.5 Fluorescent Lamps arc as in fluorescent lamps.
c) Tungsten - Halogen
6.6 Mercury Vapor Lamps
a) Mercury Vapor Lamps
6.7 Metal Halide Lamps 2. Gaseous Discharge Lamps
b) Metal Halide Lamps
6.8 High-Pressure Sodium c) High Pressure Sodium Lamps
Lamps a) Fluorescent Lamps
b) Energy Savings Lamps
6.9 Ballasts
c) Neon Vapor Lamps
6.10 Luminaires d) PL lamps
6.11 Classification of
Luminaires
6.1 General
= 1. Unit of Light or Luminous Flux
Lumens
6.2 Incandescent Lamps
6.11 Classification of
Luminaires
6.1 General
• Standard - A
• Globular - G
6.2 Incandescent Lamps • Straight - S
6.3 R and PAR Lamps • Tubular - T
• Pear-shape - PS
6.4 Tungsten Halogen Lamps
• Flame - F
6.5 Fluorescent Lamps • PAR - Parabolic
6.6 Mercury Vapor Lamps Aluminized
Reflector
6.7 Metal Halide Lamps
6.11 Classification of
Luminaires
6.9 Ballasts
6.10 Luminaires
6.11 Classification of
Luminaires
6.1 General
6.9 Ballasts
6.10 Luminaires
6.11 Classification of
Luminaires
6.9 Ballasts
6.10 Luminaires
6.11 Classification of
Luminaires
6.1 General
6.9 Ballasts
6.10 Luminaires
6.11 Classification of
Luminaires
6.9 Ballasts
6.10 Luminaires
6.11 Classification of
Luminaires
6.1 General
6.9 Ballasts
6.10 Luminaires
6.11 Classification of
Luminaires
6.1 General
6.9 Ballasts
6.10 Luminaires
6.11 Classification of
Luminaires
6.1 General
6.9 Ballasts
6.10 Luminaires
6.11 Classification of
Luminaires
6.1 General
6.9 Ballasts
6.10 Luminaires
6.11 Classification of
Luminaires
6.14 Factors which will Achieve e) for fine precision work, as in cartography,
Desirable Seeing Conditions designing and detail drafting – 150 to 200 fc
6.15 Lighting Terms
5.0 LIGHTING
Absence of Glare
Glare is defined as the effect of brightness in
the field of vision which causes annoyance or
6.1 General discomfort, or in worse cases, interferes with
seeing. When the glare is caused by light
6.2 Incandescent Lamps sources in the field of vision, it is known as
“direct glare” or “disability glare”. When glare
6.3 R and PAR Lamps
is caused by the reflection of a light source in
6.4 Tungsten Halogen Lamps a viewed surface, it is known as “reflected
glare” or “discomfort glare”.
6.5 Fluorescent Lamps
Bare lamps or brilliant fixture globes should
6.6 Mercury Vapor Lamps
never be in the line of sight from any point in
6.7 Metal Halide Lamps the room. An angle of 45 deg. between the
horizontal and the line of sight (line from the
6.8 High-Pressure Sodium lamp to the eye) is generally accepted as the
Lamps greatest permissible angle.
6.9 Ballasts
Color of Light
6.10 Luminaires depends upon the type of lamp chosen.
Incandescent lamps provide yellow light;
6.11 Classification of although there are many other colors
Luminaires depending upon the color of their glass
6.12 Lighting Systems
bulbs. Fluorescent lamps have the greatest
variety of colors ranging from daylight to
6.13 Lighting Methods bluish white and even pinkish white. Color is
also used to enhance certain qualities. For
6.14 Factors which will Achieve example, de luxe FL lamps are used to
Desirable Seeing Conditions
enhance food in restaurants.
6.15 Lighting Terms
5.0 LIGHTING
6.15 Lighting Terms 4. Reflectance
also called “reflection factor”; it is the
6.1 General 1. Absorption ratio of light reflected by a surface to
Loss of light when light rays strikes the light falling upon it.
6.2 Incandescent Lamps
or traverses any medium. The ratio
6.3 R and PAR Lamps of light absorbed by a material to the 5. Transmission
light falling upon it is called the is the passage of light through a
6.4 Tungsten Halogen Lamps
“absorption factor” or “absorptance”. medium when light falls upon a
6.5 Fluorescent Lamps transparent material. It is “refracted”
6.6 Mercury Vapor Lamps 2. Diffuse Reflection (bent) as it passes through the
a beam of light is reflected diffusely, material but emerges at the same
6.7 Metal Halide Lamps
that is, its ray is scattered in all angle that it entered. When passing
6.8 High-Pressure Sodium directions, if it strikes a rough or through a translucent material, such
Lamps
matte surface. as plastic, and the emerging rays
6.9 Ballasts are spread in all directions, it is
3. Specular Reflection called “diffused transmission”.
6.10 Luminaires
a beam of light is specularly
6.11 Classification of
reflected when a light ray striking a 6. Transmittance
Luminaires
shiny or glossy surface at an angle also called “transmission factor”; it is
6.12 Lighting Systems
of incidence is reflected as the same the ratio of light transmitted to light
6.13 Lighting Methods beam with equal angle of reflection. striking the surface.
6.14 Factors which will Achieve
Desirable Seeing Conditions
6.1 General
6.9 Ballasts
6.10 Luminaires
6.11 Classification of
Luminaires
END