CIVIL MILITARY

RELATIONS IN
PAKISTAN
INTRODUCTION

• A pre-condition for a true democratic system

• In democratic setups, civilian government controls military.
• In pak, the relation always remained stressed and imbalance.
• In pak perspective, army can not be alienated from the main stream.
• Hassan Askari Rizvi in his book “ the military and politics in Pakistan”.
HISTORY OF MARTIAL LAW

• For half of its life, pak had been under army rule
• Oct 1958-1969 Ayub khan
• 1969-1971 Yahya khan
• July 1979-1988 Zia ul haq
• 12 0ct 1999-2007 Musharraf
TRIOKA OF POWER

• A nexus among PM,COAS and President.

• COAS has 1/3 of the power of trioka
HISTORY OF CMR

• Army: always an influencer in all domestic and international core issues.

• Every govt faced the intervention
• Colonial factor: pak inherited a strong army and bureaucracy from the British.
• Appointment of Ayub Khan as a defence minister as well as commander in chief in 1956
was the first involvement of military in the civilian matters of pak.
CMR DURING BHUTTO ERA

• Demoralized army
• He tried to control and curb military
• General Gull Hassan and Air marshal Rahim were removed by Bhutto
• Allegations of rigging in 1977 election.
FIRST GOVT OF BENAZIR

• Dec 1988- Aug 1990

• Start of dynastic politics and musical chair game in Pakistan
• Initially good but later on detoriatec
• Interference in Army matters
• Law and order situation in sindh
• Confrontation with opposition parties
• Role of President Ishaq Khan
NAWAZ SHARIF AND MILITARY

• 1990-1993
• Initially cordial relations but soon detoriated
• Interference in Army matters and law and order situation in sindh
• Intention to amend article 8
SECOND GOVT OF B.B

• Farooq laghari as president

• Good relations initially
• Later on problems emerged
• Drug mafia, law and order situation in sindh
• Corruption of Zardari
• Bad economy
SECOND TERM OF N.S

• Got majority in 1997

• Introduced 13th amendment
• Musharraf sacked his govt in 1999
• Zardari and military 2008-2013
• 3rd term of Nawaz Sharif 2013-2017
• 2018 onwards
INTERESTS OF ARMY

• National interests and nuclear issues

• Foreign policy
• Procurement of military equipment
• Non interference in military administration
• Defence budget
• Army’s perks and privileges
• Army commercial and industrial activities