BONE

AND
CARTILAGE
 BONE

FUNCTION:

• STRUCTURAL SUPPORT

• LOCOMOTION

• METABOLIM : mineral homeostasis

hemopoiesis
 ORGANIC : MAINLY PROTEINS

BONE

INORGANIC : HYDROXYAPATITE - Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2

MATERIALS sodium, magnesium, carbonate,
fluoride
 BONE = DYNAMIC STRUCTURE

CONTINUING CYCLES OF REMODELING


RESORPTION followed by DEPOSITION

permits bone to adapt to physical and
hormonal signals
 MAJOR CELL TYPES

OSTEOCLASTS : resorption

OSTEOBLASTS : deposition

OSTEOCYTES : maintenance of
bone matrix
MAJOR CELLS PRESENT IN MEMBRANOUS BONE
 OSTEOCLAST

• MULTINUCLEATED GIANT CELLS

• ARISE FROM BONE MARROW STEM CELLS

• PROTON PUMP : H+-ATPases secrete H+→

extracell

dissolving hydroxyapatite

liberating HCO3- + Ca3(PO4)2

bloodstream
 OSTEOBLAST

• mononuclear cells (from mesenchymal precursors)

• synthesize most bone protein,

growth factors,
cytokines

• deposition of new bone matrix (osteoid)


mineralization
 FACTORS AFFECTING OSTEOBLASTS AND OSTEOCLASTS

STIMULATE INHIBIT
O PTH
S
T 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol Corticosteroids
E T3,T4
O
B hGH, IGF-1
L PGE2
A
S TGF
T Estrogens?
S
O
S PTH Calcitonin
T 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol Estrogens (by inhibiting IL-6
E
IL-1, IL-6 production)
O
TNF TGF
C
L TGF IFN
A PGE2
S
T
S
MOLECULAR ORGANIZATION IN CARTILAGE MATRIX
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF AGRECAN