Bio Signals

Different bio signals

• Bio electric signals
• Bio acoustic signals
• Biomechanical signal
• Biochemical signal
• Bio magnetic signal
• Bio optic signal
• Bio impedance signal
 Bio electric signal
• ECG – Electro Cardio Gram
• electrical signal associated with heart
• EEG – Electro Encephalo Gram
• electrical signal associated with brain
• EMG- Electro Myo Gram
• electrical signal associated with muscle
• EOG- Electro Oculo Gram
• Electrical signal associated with eye ball movement
Characteristic of bioelectric signal
Medical Instrument
 Basic Generic Instrument

Sensing/
Monitoring

Biological Signal
Transducer Diagnosis
System Processor

Therapeutics/
Surgery

Feedback
 Transducer
• Sensor plus pre-processing/ amplifier
• Transform physiological signal into a
form that the signal processor can
read
• Must have good sensitivity and
accuracy
• Should have low noise and sufficient
dynamic range
• Must be effective and stable across
entire physiological range
• Sensor can range from nanoscale
structures to room-sized devices
 Signal Processor
• Can be as simple as driving a needle
meter or a level on a scale OR as
complex as a computer
reconstructing a three dimensional
image from thousands of pictures
• The use of electronic signal
processors has enabled numerous
advances in the past four decades
• “Heavy duty” mathematical
processing is becoming common
 Feedback
• Traditionally involved a
physician or therapist
observing the patient
• More recently feedback
occurs in a “closed loop” with
sensor(s) and/or monitor(s)
• FDA is very careful to
maintain human involvement
in important decision
processes
 General consideration
• Inaccessibility
• Variability
• Interference between systems
• Transducer interfacing
• Artifacts
• Safe levels
• Safety considerations
• Reliability
• Human errors
• Government regulations