This document provides an overview of various categories of conditions that could cause an altered mental status (AMS) by listing potential etiologies under each category. The categories include: typical AMS mnemonics (AEIOU TIPS); things that affect brain oxygen and glucose; intracranial blood and masses; infections in the brain; primary brain disorders; delirium and encephalopathies; things in the blood; and potential psychiatric causes. Over 50 specific conditions are listed across the different etiology categories as possible causes of an altered mental status.
This document provides an overview of various categories of conditions that could cause an altered mental status (AMS) by listing potential etiologies under each category. The categories include: typical AMS mnemonics (AEIOU TIPS); things that affect brain oxygen and glucose; intracranial blood and masses; infections in the brain; primary brain disorders; delirium and encephalopathies; things in the blood; and potential psychiatric causes. Over 50 specific conditions are listed across the different etiology categories as possible causes of an altered mental status.
This document provides an overview of various categories of conditions that could cause an altered mental status (AMS) by listing potential etiologies under each category. The categories include: typical AMS mnemonics (AEIOU TIPS); things that affect brain oxygen and glucose; intracranial blood and masses; infections in the brain; primary brain disorders; delirium and encephalopathies; things in the blood; and potential psychiatric causes. Over 50 specific conditions are listed across the different etiology categories as possible causes of an altered mental status.
A — Alcohol/Acidosis (not the same thing or in any way logically connected)
E — Endocrine/Epilepsy/Electrolytes/Encephalopathy (E is a common letter?) I — Infection or maybe Ingestion who the hell knows nobody agrees O — Opiates, Overdose (sorta the same thing but ehhh) U — Uremia (not likely but something's gotta start with U) T — Trauma (garbage pail) I — Insulin (huh?) P — Poisoning/Psychosis S — Stroke/Seizure/syncope (wait syncope doesn't, and wasn't epilepsy already covered?) Things your brain needs to live and function •↓ Oxygen/Glucose (fix these immediately)
Things that squish the brain
•Blood where it should not be: Subdural, Epidural, Intracerebral, Subarachnoid •Blood that has clotted where it should not: Dural Sinus Thrombosis •Masses and tumors •Obstructive Hydrocephalus •Edema: Traumatic, posthypoxic, hypertensive, vasogenic, PRES Bad things living in the brain •Meningitis •Encephalitis: viral, inflammatory, autoimmune •Abscesses •Syphilis/Amebas/Cysts
Primary brain not workings
•Acute Ischemic Stroke •Concussion/Diffuse Axonal Injury •Seizure, Status epilepticus (may not be convulsive), post-ictal state •Migraine •Degenerative conditions: MS, Parkinson’s, TBI, Dementias sundry Delirium and Encephalopathies and Various Failures of Homeostasis
•Sepsis and other shock states (hypoperfusion)
•Systemic infection without sepsis
•Fever, Hyperthermia and Hypothermia
•Dehydration, ↑Na, ↑Glucose (HONK and/or DKA)
•↑/↓ Ca, ↓Na, ↑/↓K
•↑/↓ Thyroid, Adrenal Crisis
Bad Things in the Blood •EtOH (rare) •Endogenous bad things • ↑CO2, Uremia, Ammonia •Medicines that can mess you up when used as intended • Opiates, benzodiazepines, imidazopyridines (ambien et al) •Medicines that will mess you up when you get too much of them • Lithium, Tricyclics, Anticonvulsants, Antihistamines, Salicylates •Things that you are not allowed to have in your blood because it is a crime • Meth, cocaine, heroin, MaryJane, GHB, ketamine, spice, bath salts, etc etc. •Things that you are not supposed to have in your blood because they are poison • Carbon monoxide, cyanide, pesticides, other alcohols, hydrocarbons and solvents, etc etc •Unique weird reactions to things: • Alcohol Withdrawal, Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome, Serotonin Syndrome, Agitated Delirium, Wernicke's Maybe You’re Just Crazy? •Conversion Disorder •Psychosis/Mania •Malingering •These are last on the list for a reason