High performance

concrete
 ACI Definition
 Concrete meeting special combinations of
performance and uniformity requirements
that cannot always be achieved routinely
using conventional constituents and normal
mixing, placing, and curing practices.
 High-strength concrete is defined as having a
specified compressive strength of 8000 psi (55
MPa) or greater. 
 What is different about HPC
1. High early strength
2. High strength
3. High modulus of elasticity
4. High abrasion resistance
5. High durability and long life in severe
environments
6. Low permeability and diffusion
7. Resistance to chemical attack
8. High modulus of elasticity.
9. High abrasion resistance.
10. High resistance to frost.
11. Toughness and impact resistant.
12. Easy placeability.
13. Volume stability.
14. Compaction without segregation.
 Ingredients of HPC
Material Primary contribution/desired
property
Ordinary Portland Cement Cementing material/Durability
Blended cement Cementing material/durability/high strength
Fly ash Cementing material/durability/high strength
Slag Cementing material/durability/high strength
Silica fume Cementing material/durability/high strength
Calcined clay Cementing material/durability/high strength
Metakaolin Cementing material/durability/high strength
Calcined Shale Cementing material/durability/high strength
Superplasticizers Flowability
High range water reducers Reduce w/c ratio
Material
Hydration control admixtures
Retarders
Acceleraters
Corrosion inhibitors
Water reducers
Shrinkage reducers
ASR Inhibitors
Polymer/latex modifiers
Optimally graded aggregate
Primary contribution
/Desired Property
Control setting
Control setting
Accelerate setting
Control steel corrosion
Reduce cement and water content
Reduce shrinkage
Control alkali-silica reactivity
Durability
Improve workability and reduce paste
demand
 Cement
Sr No. Type Conforming to
1. Ordinary Portland Cement 43 IS : 8112
Grade
2. Ordinary Portland Cement 53 IS :12269
Grade
3. Rapid Hardening Portland Cement IS :8041
4. Sulphate Resistant Portland IS :12330
Cement
5. Low Heat Portland Cement IS :12600
6. Low Heat Portland Cement IS:1489- Part 1
7. Portland Slag Cement IS :455
 Fine aggregates
• Fine aggregate shall consist of
1. hard, strong, clean, durable particles of natural
sand, crushed stone or crushed gravel.
2. Suitable combinations of natural and crushed
sand
3. stone or crushed gravel
• They shall not contain dust, lumps, soft or flaky
particles, mica or any other deleterious materials
• Fine aggregate of Zone 2 or 3 of IS: 383 are
preferable.
 Coarse aggregates
• Coarse aggregates shall be of -
1. clean, hard, strong, dense, nonporous,
2. equi-dimensional (i.e., not much flaky or
elongated)
3. durable pieces of crushed stone,
4. crushed gravel, natural gravel
5. or a suitable combination thereof.
 Admixtures
Mineral Admixtures Chemical Admixtures
1. Fly Ash 1. Accelerators
2. Ground Granulated 2. Retarders
Blast Furnace Slag 3. Air entraining agents
(GGBS) 4. Superplasticizers
3. Silica Fume
4. Metakaolin
 Mix Design Process
Target Mean Water
Strength Content

Maximum Shape of
Durability Workability
W/C Ratio Size of Aggr Aggr
Criteria

Cement Total Aggr Fine Aggr

Content Content

Water Total Cement F. A / C. A

W/C Ratio Content ratio
Content
 Design Procedure
• Target Mean Strength & Standard Deviation
The target mean compressive strength (Fm) of concrete at 28 days
is given by:
Fm = fck + σs
• Selection of Water Cement Ratio
• Estimation of Air Content
• Selection of Water Content and Fine to Total aggregate ratio
• Calculation of Cement Content
• Calculation of Aggregate Content
• Trial Mix
 Estimation of Air Content

• Approximate amount of entrapped air to be

expected in normal concrete is given in table
9.6, IS10262-2009:
Nominal Maximum Size Entrapped Air, as
of Aggregates percentage of volume of
concrete
10 3%
20 2%
40 1%
 At Minimum W/C ratio
• Approximate Sand and Water Content per
cubic metre of concrete for grades above M
35 W/C = 0.35 Workability= 0.8 C.F.
Nominal Maximum Water Content per Sand as percentage
size of Aggregates cubic metre of total aggregate by
concrete (kg) absolute volume of
(%)
10 200 28
20 180 25
 Calculation of Aggregate Content

 For Fine Aggregate

V = W + C + 1 x fa x 1
Sc p Sfa 1000

 For Course Aggregate

V= W + C + 1 x Ca x 1
Sc (1-p) Sca 1000
 Advantages of HPC
The following are the major advantages that can be
accomplished:-
 Reduction in member size
 Concrete volume saved.
 Reduction in the self-weight and super-imposed
DL
 Reduction in form-work area and cost.
 Construction of High – rise buildings with the
accompanying
 Reduction in the number of supports
 Superior long term service
 Higher resistance to freezing and thawing,
chemical attack
 significantly improved long-term durability
and crack propagation.
 Disadvantages of HPC
• Increased quality control is needed
• Careful materials selection is necessary. High
quality materials must be used
• Allowable stress design discourages the use of
high-strength concrete
• Minimum cover over reinforcement or
minimum thickness of members restrict the
realization of maximum benefits.
• Available pre-stress force in a member may be
inadequate.
• Low w/c ratio materials ratios require special
curing requirements.
• Since serviceabilty conditions such as
deflection can control design, increased
capacity may not be fully utilized .
 Applications of HPC

 In pavements :-
• HPC is increasingly being used in highway
pavements for potentially economic benefits.
• Fast track concrete paving can be used for
complete pavement reconstruction.
 In high rise buildings
• It is prominently being used in high rise
buildings as it reduces deflection, dead
weight, vibrations, noise and
maintenance cost.
• IT makes the structure more durable,
alters the construction time and quality
of work is assured.
• In bridges
• HPC is now being used for fabrication of
precast pylons, piers and girders of many long
span bridges across the world.
• Concrete structure are more efficient for
railway bridges as they reduce noise and
vibrations, thus make it safe and economical.