Data Model

 A data model is a mechanism that provides

abstraction for database applications.
 It allows the conceptualization of association
between various entities and their attributes
 Models differ in the method of representing the
association between entities and attributes.
 Data Modeling
 Data modeling helps in the visual representation of
data
 Data Model is like architect's building plan which
helps to build a conceptual model and set the
relationship between data items.
 Need of data models
 A data model helps design the database at the
conceptual, physical and logical levels.
 It is also helpful to identify missing and
redundant data.
Though the initial creation of data model is
labor and time consuming, in the long run, it
makes your IT infrastructure upgrade and
maintenance cheaper and faster.
 Data Model Classification
File based or primitive Models
 Traditional Models
 Semantic Models
 File Based or Primitive Models
 Objects are recorded and are stored in files
 Directories are involved in such case
 Traditional Models
 Evolved from file based system
 This category includes
 Hierarchical Model
 Network Model
 Relational data Model
 Semantic Data Model
 Developed by AI researchers
 Such Models are able to express greater
interdependence among entities
 ER Model
 Hierarchical Model
The hierarchical model organizes data into a
tree-like structure, where each record has a
single parent or root.
 This model was primarily used by IBM’s
Information Management Systems in the 60s
and 70s
Hierarchical Model
Drawbacks of Hierarchical Model
Many too many relationships not supported.
 One to many relationship only.
 Many to many cannot be done
 Network Model
The network model builds on the hierarchical
model by allowing many-to-many relationships
between linked records, implying multiple parent
records.
 It was most popular in the 70s after it was formally
defined by the Conference on Data Systems
Languages (CODASYL).
 Network Model
 It can be viewed as a graph
 Ability to Manage More Relationship Types:
The network model has the ability to manage
one-to-one (1:1) as well as many-to-many (N: N)
relationships.