z'ek|eft

s0ff{nLsf] nf]s ;+:s[ltdf k|rlnt

uLtx¿sf] cWoog
lqe'jg ljZjljBfno lzIffzf:q ;ª\sfo, Uo|fh'P6 :s'n ckm Ph's];g
cGtu{t
ljBfjfl/lw k|of]hgsf nflu k|:t't klxnf] uf]i7Lkq
zf]wlgb]{zs
k|f=8f= /fdk|;fb e§/fO{
@)&*
 k|:tf]tf M

vu]Gb| k|;fb pkfWofo

Pd=lkmn= lnl8ª\ lk=Pr=l8=sfo{qmd
Uo|fh'o6 :s'n ckm Ph's];g
o;leq======
• ljBfjfl/lwsf] zLif{s / ;DalGwt hfgsf/L
• ;f/÷k[i7e"ld
• cWoogsf] p2]Zo
• cg';Gwfg k|Zg
• cWoogsf] cf}lrTo
• cg';Gwfg 9fFrf / cWoog ljlw
• tYofÍ ;+sng, ljlw / k|lqmof
• cWoogsf] ;Ldf÷kl/;Ldf
• hg;+Vof / gd'gf 5gf]6
• tYofÍ ;+sng ljlw / k|lqmof
• cg';Gwfgsf] ;}4flGts cjwf/0ff
• 5nkmn tyf kl/0ffd
• pknlAw
• d]/f] ljBfjfl/lw sfo{sf] zLif{s efiff lzIf0fdf s0ff{nLsf] nf]s ;
+:s[ltdf k|rlnt uLtx¿sf] pkof]u xf] .
• s0ff{nLsf] nf]s ;++:s[ltdf k|rlnt uLtx¿sf] ;+sng, ljZn]if0f tyf
efiff lzIf0fdf o;sf] pkof]usf] cWoog ug'{ cg';Gwfgsf] d"ne"t
p2]Zo x'g]5 .
• k"0f{tM u'0ffTds 9fFrfdf cfwfl/t sNr/n OYgf]u|flkms cWoog
ljlwsf] k|of]u ul/g] 5 .
• g]kfnL efiffsf] pb\ud:yn s0ff{nLsf] l;FhfnfO{ s]Gb|df /fvL
s0ff{nL k|b]zsf bzcf]6} lhNnfsf] k|ltlglwTj x'g]u/L h'Dnf, d'u',
sflnsf]6, b}n]v, hfh/sf]6 / ;'v]{t lhNnfdf cg';Gwfg ul/g]5 .
• P8\jf8{ ;lk/sf] efiff l;sfOdf ;f+:slts ;fk]Iftfsf]
l;4fGtnfO{ d'Vo¿kdf cfwf/ agfO ldz]n k'msf]sf] ;f+:s[lts k'g?
Tyfgsf] l;4fGt tyf leuf]T:sL sf] lgdf{0fjfb nufotsf
l;4fGtnfO{ cfwf/ agfOg]5 .
ljBfjfl/lwsf nflu efiff lzIf0fdf s0ff{nLsf] nf]s ;+:s[ltdf k|
rlnt uLtx¿sf] pkof]u zLif{s g} lsg <
• s0ff{nLsf] nf]s ;+:s[ltdf k|rlnt uLtx¿sf] ;+/If0f / ;Da4{g u/L
g]kfnL efiff / ;+:s[ltsf] ljsf;df 6]jf k'¥ofpg,
• s0ff{nLsf] nf]s ;+:s[ltdf k|rlnt uLtx¿sf] ;+sng u/L g]kfnL efiff
lzIf0fdf o;sf] ;d'lrt k|of]usf nflu kxn ug{,
• g]kfnL efiffsf] ljsf; / g]kfnL efiff lzIf0fnfO{ k|efjsf/L t'Nofpg
efiff of]hgf / gLltdf oL uLtx¿sf] cl:tTj sfod /fVg kxn ug{,
• cfwf/e"t tx;Dd dft[efiffdf lzIff kfpg' kg]{ ;+ljwfg k|bQ xssf]
sfof{Gjogdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg,
• cfk\mgf] efiff, lnkL, ;+:s[lt / ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbfsf] ;+/If0f /
;Da4{g u/]/ g]kfnL efiff lzIf0fdf s0ff{nLsf] nf]s ;f+:s[lts
uLtx¿sf] ;d'lrt k|of]udf hf]8 lbg .
cWoogsf] k[i7e"ld

• xfnsf] s0ff{nL k|b]z jln/fhsf] ;dodf ljZj;fd|fHosf] /fhwfgL ePsf] / g]kfnsf]

PsLs/0fkZrft\ uf]vf{nLaf6 pk]lIft x'g'sf sf/0fn] xfn g]kfns} ef}uf]lns
las6tfsf] lx;fan] lk5l8Psf] k|b]zsf ¿kdf kl/lrt If]q dflgG5 -s}bL, @)^*, k[=
#_ .
• tyflk g]kfnL efiffsf] pb\udynf] ePsfn] g} xf]nf g]kfnL efiff / ;+:s[ltsf] e08f/
g} xf],
• …;+:s[ltÚ zAb …;d\Ú / …s[ltÚ sf] of]uaf6 ag]sf],
• oxfF …;d\Ú sf] cy{ c;n, pGgt, ljlzi6, eGg] x'G5 eg] s[ltsf] cy{ /rgf x'G5 .
• o; cfwf/df …;+:s[ltÚ zAbsf] cy{ c;n /rgf jf sfo{ eGg] x'G5 . la|l6;
dfgjzf:qL O{=la= 6]n/sf cg';f/ ;+:s[lt Pp6f hl6n laifo xf], h;df 1fg, ljZjf;,
snf, gLlt, sfg"g, d"NodfGotf / cGo bIftf / Jojxf/x¿ kb{5g\, hf] dfG5]n]
;dfhsf ;b:osf ¿kdf k|fKt u/]sf] x'G5 -aGw', @)&^, k[= !$ df pb[tf+z_ .
• /]d08 ljlnodsf ljrf/df ;+:s[lt pTkfbgsf] ;+u7g, kl/jf/sf] ;+/rgf, ;fdflhs ;
+/rgfx¿nfO{ cleJoQm / cg'zfl;t ug]{ / ;dfhsf ;b:ox¿sf] ;~rf/ ug]{ ¿kx¿ x'g\
-aGw', @)&^, k[= !$_ .
lg/Gt/===
• ldNg/ / a|f]lj6\n] ;+:s[ltnfO{ kl/eflift ub}{ eg]sf 5g\ “;+:s[lt eg]sf] k|tLsfTds
ljZjsf] /rgf ug]{ ;Dk"0f{ ;+:yf, lgdf{0f / cEof;x?sf] gfd xf]” -;'a]bL / uf}td, @)&^,
k[=!@& _ .
• ldNg/ / a|f]lj6\n] ;+:s[ltnfO{ kl/eflift ub}{ eg]sf 5g\ “;+:s[lt eg]sf] k|tLsfTds
ljZjsf] /rgf ug]{ ;Dk"0f{ ;+:yf, lgdf{0f / cEof;x?sf] gfd xf]” -;'a]bL / uf}td, @)&^,
k[=!@& _ . o; laifoleq snf, wd{, lj1fg, v]n, lzIff, km';{b cflb ;d]l6Psf] x'G5 .
• k|mfG;]nL bfz{lgs ld;]n k'msf]n] ;+:s[ltnfO{ pN6f] ;+syg dfGb} o;nfO{ ul/a /
pTkLl8t clg cefuLx¿n] cWoog ug]{ laifo xf] eg]sf 5g\ eg] :6'cf6{ xnn] ;f+:s[lts
cWoog cWofkg v'nf dg /fv]/ k9fpg]n] dfq k7g–kf7g ug{ ;S5 eGb} o;nfO{ ;}¢flGts
l9kLsf] zttM ljlgdf{0f xf] eg]sf 5g\ .
• k"jL{o tyf kfZrfTo ljåfg\x¿sf ;+:s[lt ;DaGwL cg]sf}+ wf/0ffx¿ kfOG5g\ . h] xf]; ;
+:s[lt eGgfn] ;dfhdf cGt{lglxt ljzfn kIf xf], h;n] ;dfhsf cg]s kIfnfO{ ;d]6]sf] x'G5 .
• ;f+:s[lts cWoog cyjf sNr/n :6l8hsf] ;'?jft ;g\ !(^$ lt/ la|6]gsf] alg{3d ljZjljBfnosf]
c+u|]hL ljefudf cf/De eO{ ljsl;t ePsf] kfOG5 -;'a]bL / uf}td, @)&^, k[=!@*_ .
• g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df o; ;DaGwdf of]uL g/x/Lgfy, ;Todf]xg hf]zL / r"8fdl0f aGw'
nufPtsf ljåfgx¿sf] of]ubfgnfO{ d'Vo¿kdf lng ;lsG5 .
lg/Gt/===
• nf]s hLjgdf lglxt ;+:s[ltnfO{ nf]s ;+:s[lt elgG5 . o;nfO{ c+u|]hLdf
Folk Culture eGg] ul/G5 . st} st} o;nfO{ Indigenous Culture klg eGg]
u/]sf] kfOG5 . laif]zu/L Indigenous sf] cy{ k/Dk/f;Fu hf]l8Psf] 5 .
• lSnkmf]8{ uh{n] ;+:s[ltnfO{ :yfgLo;Fu o;sf] ;DaGw /xG5 eg] h:t}
g]kfndf klg o;sf] ;DaGw :yfgLo :t/df g} /x]sf] kfOG5 .
• nf]suLt zAb …nf]sÚ / …uLtÚ b'O{ 5'§f5'§} zAbsf] ;+of]hgaf6
ag]sf] 5 . nf]s eg]sf] :yfgLo ;dfh / uLt eg]sf] ;f+uLlts ;fdu|L ePsfn]
nf]suLtnfO{ eflifs ;f+uLlts cleJolQmsf ¿kdf lng] ul/G5 .
• nf]sn] df}lvs ¿kdf hLljt /fv]sf] nf]s x[bosf] :jM:k"mt{ nofTds u]o
cleJolQm nf]suLt xf] -Gof}kfg], @)&), k[=&#_ .
• nf]suLt dgleqsf ps';d's';, lj/Qm efjgf, tLtfdL7f If0fx?, noa4 / sf?
l0fs efvfdf kf]v]/ Ifl0fs / pbf; lhGbuLnfO{ k|f]T;fxg lbP/ dgf]/~hg
u/fpg] dgf]/~hgsf/L ;fwg xf] -ad, @)^&, k[= *)_ .
lg/Gt/===
• g]kfnL nf]suLtsf] /rgf / ufogsf ;DaGwdf sfnLeQm kGtsf cg';f/ ;j{k|yd lj=;
+= !*&! df klxnf] k6s uf]¥ofn] l;/; / dgjL/ vqLn] em\ofp/] uLtsf] ;+sng u/L
ufPsf lyP -cfrfo{, @)&^, k[=$*_ .
• nf]DofS; / nf]DofS;n] nf]suLtsf] l;h{gfsf] k|f/De dfgj ;Eotfsf] cf/Dedf g}
ePsf] pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ -cfrfo{, @)&^, k[= $*_ . …8fFkm]r/LÚ gfds klqsfn]
g]kfnL nf]suLtsf] k|sfzg sfo{sf] yfngL u/]sf] kfOG5 -/fjn, @)^(, k[= &*_ .
• lj=;+= !(%& df xflh/dfg /fO{sf] …ld7f ld7f uLtÚ gfds uLlt;+u|x df uLt ;
+sng ul/Psf lyP -yfkf / ;'j]bL, @)$!_ . b]j]Gb| ;TofyL{sf] …df]8{g Eo"Ú
-;g\ !(#$_ c+u|]hL dfl;s / ljzfn ef/t gfds lxGbL klqsfdf g]kfnL nf]suLtsf] rrf{
ul/Psf] 5 .
• kf/;dl0f k|wfgn] ;TofyL{sf] o;} n]vnfO{ cg'jfb u/L ;g\ !(%# df ;+uLtdo
g]kfn zLif{sdf nf]suLt ;+u|x k|sflzt u/]sf lyP -/fjn, @)^(, k[= ^*_ . ;Todf]xg
hf]zLsf] @))# df zf/bf klqsfdf kf]v/fsf nf]suLt k|sflzt ePsf] lyof] . wd{/fh
yfkfn] …kf]v/fsf u|fDouLt / kxf8L–;+uLtÚ nf]suLt ;+ufnf] k|sflzt u/] .
cWoogsf] p2]Zo
k|:t't cWoogsf p2]Zox? lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf 5g\ M
-s_ s0ff{nLsf] nf]s ;++:s[ltdf k|rlnt uLtx¿sf] kl/rofTds ljZn]if0f ug'{,
-v_ s0ff{nLsf] nf]s ;+:s[ltdf k|rlnt uLtx¿sf] k|of]usf] cj:yf cWoog u/L o;sf] efiff
lzIf0fdf k|efjsfl/tfsf] cWoog ug'{,
-u_ efiff l;sfOdf lzIff / ;+:s[lt larsf] cGt{;DaGw klxNofpg',
cg';Gwfg k|Zg
k|:t't cg';Gwfg lgDg lnlvt cg';Gwfg k|Zgdf s]lGb|t /xg] 5 M
-s_ s0ff{nL g]kfnL efiffsf] pb\ud ynf] ePsfn] oxfF efiff / ;+:s[ltsf] e08f/ t xf]
g} t/ xfn o; If]qdf k|rlnt uLtsf] cj:yf s] s:tf] 5 <
-v_ dft[ efiff lzIf0f tyf g]kfnL efiff lzIf0fdf o;sf] k|efjsfl/tf, k|of]u tyf
pkof]lutfsf] ;Defjgf s] slt 5 <
-u_ efiff, ;+:s[lt / ;dfh Ps csf{sf kl/k"/s ePsfn] hgaf]nLdf ;Lldt uLtx¿nfO{ lnlvt
¿k tof/ kfb}{ efiff lzIf0fdf s;/L pkof]u ug{ ;lsG5 <
cWoogsf] cf}lrTo
• s0ff{nLsf cg'kd nf]s ;flxTosf w/f]x/nfO{ ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{g ug'{ g} o;sf]
d'Vo cf}lrTo /xg] 5,
• lzIf0fdf ;xhtf Nofpg] ck]Iffsf;fy lzIfs ju{sf] lzIf0f l;sfO lqmofsnfkdf o;n]
;xof]u k'¥ofpg] 5,
• g]kfnsf] lzIff gLltsf] efjgf adf]lhd dft[efiff lzIf0fdf lzIfs tyf
laBfyLx¿nfO{ oL / o:tf uLtx¿sf] cWoogn] ;xof]u k'¥ofpg],
• g]kfnL efiff, nf]s;+:s[lt / ;flxTosf] cWoog cg';Gwfg ug{ rfxg] hf] sf]xLsf
nflu of] cg';Gwfg cf}lrTo k"0f{ 7xl/g] 5,
cg';Gwfg 9fFrf / cWoog ljlw
cg';Gwfg 9fFrf
• k|:t't cWoog k"0f{tM u'0ffTds 9fFrfsf dfWodaf6 cl3 a9fOPsf] 5 .
cWoog If]q
• cWoogsf] p2]Zo tyf cWo]tfsf] ;'ljwf cg';f/ s0ff{nL k|b]zsf] bz
lhNnfx¿dWo] h'Dnf lhNnfnfO{ If]qsf] ¿kdf lnOPsf] 5,
• h'Dnf lhNnfsf cf7cf]6f kflnsf dWo]sf rGbggfy gu/kflnsf /
tftf]kfgL ufpFkflnsfnfO{ cWoogsf] If]qsf ¿kdf lnOPsf] 5,
• hg;ª\Vof / gd'gf
• h'Dnf lhNnfsf] s"n hg;+Vof dWo] rGbggfy gu/kflnsf / tftf]kfgL
ufpFkflnsfsf] hg;+Vof lnOPsf] 5,
• h'Dnf lhNnfsf] s"n hg;+Vof dWo] nf]suLtdf ?lr ePsf cg';Gwftf, lj1, n]vs,
ufos, ;+sns, lzIfs, laBfyL{ tyf cGo ;DjlGwt ;/f]sf/jfnf k|sfzg k|;f/0fsf
dfWod, :yfgLo hfgsf/ ;d]t u/L %) hgfnfO{ gd'gfsf ¿kdf lnOPsf] 5,
• gd'gf 5gf]6sf qmddf ljleGg hflt, ;d'bfo, If]q tyf n}ª\lustfsf] cfwf/nfO{
;d]t Wofg lbO ;a}sf] k|ltlglwTj x'g] u/L ;Gt'ng sfod ul/Psf],
cg';Gwfgsf] tYofª\s ;ª\sng, ljlw / k|lj|mof

• cGj]if0ffTds If]qLo cWoog ljlw cGtu{t ;x–;DaGwfTds

ljlwsf] pkof]u ul/Psf] 5 .
• tYofª\ssf] JofVof ljZn]if0f ug]{ qmddf j0f{gfTds ljlwsf] k|
of]u ul/Psf] 5 .
• ;fwgx¿df cGtjf{tf, cjnf]sg kmf/fd, /]s8{, If]q gf]6 l6kf]6, k|
ZgfjnL ;d]tnfO{ k|of]u ul/Psf]] 5 .
• k|fylds ;|f]tsf tYofª\ssf cltl/Qm låtLo ;|f]tsf ¿kdf ;}4flGts k|
s[ltsf k':ts, ;Gbe{ k':ts, k|frLg clen]v, cg';Gwfg kq, kqklqsf
tyf n]v /rgfsf] k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 .
cWoogsf] ;Ldf÷kl/;Ldf
• k|:t't cg';Gwfg s0ff{nLsf] nf]s ;+:s[lt;Fu ;DalGwt ePsfn] o;n]
Jofks If]q cf]u6\g] b]lvG5 .
• nf]s ;+:s[ltsf ;a} If]qnfO{ ;d]6\g g;lsg] ePsfn] b]xfo adf]lhdsf]
kl/;Ldfª\sg ul/g] 5 M
s_ s0ff{nLdf k|rlnt nf]suLtsf ;d;fdlos / k/Dk/fut b'O{ e]b dWo]
k/Dk/fut hgaf]nLsf ljleGg :yfgLo nf]suLtx¿sf] dfq cWoog ul/Psf]
5,
-v_ h'Dnf lhNnfsf rGbggfy gu/ kflnsf / tftf]kfgL ufpFkflnsfdf
dfq cWoog ;Lldt kfl/Psf] 5,
-u_ nf]suLtsf :yfgLo k/Dk/fut ;+:sf/ uLt, >duLt, d]nf÷kj{ uLt,
af/df;] uLtx¿sf] dfq cWoog ul/Psf] 5,
cg';Gwfgsf] ;}4flGts cjwf/0ff
• P8\jf8{ ;lk/ -!**$–!(#(_ sf] eflifs tyf ;f+:s[lts ;fk]Iftfsf]
l;4fGtnfO{ cfwf/ agfOPsf] 5 .
• efiffnfO{ ;dfh ;fk]If x]g]{ o; l;4fGt cg';f/ efiff ;+:s[ltsf] ;+jfxs
dflgPsfn] efiff / ;+:s[ltsf lardf Ps csf{;Fu cGt/;DaGw /xG5
elgPsf] 5 .
• s'g} klg ;dfhsf] ;+:s[lt efiffaf6 g} JoSt x'G5 / ;dfhn] efiffsf] k|
of]u cfk\mgf] ;f+:s[lts klxrfg a9fpg tyf To;df lg/Gt/tf sfod ug{]
p2]Zon] ul/G5 elgPsf] 5 .
• k|:t't cg';Gwfg klg ;+:s[ltsf] Ps kf6f]sf ¿kdf /x]sf] uLt / o;sf] efiff
lzIf0fdf pkof]lutf x]g]{ ePsfn] o; l;4fGtnfO{ lnOPsf]
• o;sf cnjf n]e ;]d]gf]ler leuf]T:sL sf] lgdf{0fjfb / ldz]n k'msf]sf]
;f+:s[lts k'g?Tyfgsf] l;4fGtnfO{ klg cfwfl/t dflgPsf] 5 .
lg/Gt/===

• g]kfnL efiffsf] hGd:yn s0ff{nL g]kfnL efiff / ;+:s[lt ;DaGwL cWootf / cg';Gwftfsf
nflu of] Ps v'nf ljZjljBfno g} xf] eGbf clto'lQm gxf]nf .
• s0ff{nLdf klg tL ljleGg ;+:sf/ / cGo d]nfkj{, , /gjg, pT;j cflbdf uLtx¿ ufOg] ul/G5 .
• s0ff{nLdf ufOg] oL ofjt\ uLtx¿ slxn] b]lv s;n] /rgf u¥of] eGg] Plsg ug{ ;lsb}g .
• uLtx¿sf ufos / >f]tf b'a} /}yfg] x'G5g\ .
• df}lvs ¿kd} cfhsf ;do;Dd cl:tTTj sfod ug{ ;kmn ePsf df}lns uLtx¿ ;+/If0f /
;Da4{gsf] cefjdf nf]kf]Gd'v cj:yfdf k'u]sf 5g\ .
• g]kfnL nf]suLtnfO{ ljleGg cfwf/df juL{s/0f ug]{ u/]sf] kfOG5, h;dWo] k|:t'lt cj;/sf
cfwf/df ;jf{lws k|rngdf /x]sf] kfOG5 -cfrfo{, @)&^, k[= $*_ . o; cfwf/df
lgDgfg';f/ juL{s/0f ul/Psf] 5 .
!_ ;+:sf/ nf]suLt
@_ kj{ nf]suLt
#_ Ct'ut nf]suLt
$_ >d ;DaGwL nf]suLt
%_ ;bfjxf/ nf]suLt
o;} cfwf/df s0ff{nLsf] nf]s ;+:s[ltdf k|rlnt uLtx¿sf] juL{s/0f lgDgfg';f/ ug{ ;lsG5 .
5nkmn tyf kl/0ffd

• uLt ;+sngsf nflu 5flgPsf u|fdL0f snfsf/ !% hgf, efiff tyf ;+:s[ltsf
hfgsf/ lj1 % hgf, efiff lzIfs !% hgf / !% hgf cGo :yfgLo
laBfyL{ tyf cleefjsx¿;d]t u/L hDdf %) hgfnfO{ gd'gfsf ¿kdf
lnOPsf] lyof] .
• hfgsf/ lj1 tyf efiff lzIfssf nflu km/s km/s vfnsf v'nf k|ZgfjnL tyf
ax'j}slNks k|ZgfjnLsf] k|of]u ul/Psf] lyof] eg] cGo s]xLsf nflu
v'nf cGt/jftf{ ul/Psf] lyof] .
• s0ff{nLdf k|rlnt hgaf]nLdf ;Lldt uLtx¿sf] ;+/If0f / ;Da4{g tyf efiff
lzIf0fdf o;sf] e"ldsf s} laifodf k|Zgf]Q/ tyf 5nkmndf g]kfnL
efiffsf] pb\ud:yn s0ff{nLdf k|rlnt uLtx¿sf] ;+/If0f ug'{ eg]s}
g]kfnL efiffsf] ;+/If0f ug'{ xf] . t/ xfn g]kfndf g]kfnL efiff k|lt g}
g]kfnLsf] Wofg k'Ug g;s]sf] at{dfg cj:yfdf oL uLtx¿sf] ;+/If0fsf]
s'/f ;fGble{s gx'g ;S5 eGg] kfOof] . oBlk oL uLtx¿sf] cl:tTj d]l6P
g]kfnL efiff / ;+:s[lts} cl:tTj ;dfKt x'g ;S5 eGg] hjfkm lgrf]8df
lgsflnof] .
lg/Gt/===
• Ps hgf lzIfsn] eg] æ/;df /l;nf efjdf uxg cf]lemnf oL nf]suLt hlts} ;flxlTos
ltvf]kg cGo uLtdf sxfF kfOG5 / .Æ xfn;Dd oL uLtx¿ …a'9f] d/L s'/f] ;/LÚ
eg]em} Ps k':tfaf6 csf]{ k':tfdf x:tfGt/0f x'b} cfO/x]sf 5g\ .
• hg>'ltdf cfwfl/t s0ff{nLsf nf]suLtx¿ xfn;Dd hLljt /xg' >'ltk/Dk/f g} xf] .
• hgaf]nLdf e'mlG8Psf oL / o:tf uLtx¿sf] efiff lzIf0fdf k|of]u ug{ ;lsPsf]
v08df g]kfnL nf]s ;+:s[ltsf] ;+/If0f / ;Da4{g dfq geP/ ;du| g]kfnL efiffsf]
klg ;+/If0f x'g] ljZjf; ul/Psf] eGg] hjfkm kfOof] .
• s0ff{nLsf] ;dfhdf uLt ufpg' eGg] zAb ufOg] hflt;Fu hf]8]/ pRrf/0f ug{ ;d]t
nfh dfGg] u/]sf] kfOg' t/ ;lbcf}+ b]lv log} uLtx¿ xfn;Dd cl:tTjdf /xg' csf]
{ rfF;f]sf] laifo aGg k'u]sf] b]lvG5 .
• s0ff{nLsf] nf]s ;+:s[ltdf k|rlnt uLtx¿sf] efiff l;sfOdf e"ldsf s:tf] /xg ;S5
eGg] k|Zgsf hjfkmdf g]kfnL efiff lzIf0fdf s0ff{nLsf k|rlnt nf]s ;f+:s[lts
uLtsf] dfWodaf6 lzIf0f ubf{ k|efjsf/L / laBfyL{n] rfF8f] a'e\mg] u/]sf]
eGg] kfOof] .
lg/Gt/===
• laBfyL{x¿n] uLtsf] dfWodaf6 k9fpbf l56f] a'em]sf] cg'ej ;'gfpb} kf7\oqmddf ;dfj]z
ubf{ /fd|f] x'G5 eGg] hjfkm kfOof] .
• t/ k'/fgf nf]suLt eGbf klg cfofltt uLtx¿n] g} ;a}nfO{ nf]EofPsf] eGg] hjfkm ldNof] .
• k|fylds txsf] !)) k"0ff{Ísf] :yfgLo kf7\oqmd tof/ u/L dft[efiff lzIf0f ug]{ u/]sf] kfOPtf
klg pQm kf7\oqmddf :yfgLo nf]suLtdf vf;} Wofg hfg g;s]sf] kfOof] .
• dfWoflds tx -(–!@_ sIffsf g]kfnL efiff lzIfsx¿;Fu ul/Psf] 5nkmndf g]kfnLsf] 5Gb, /;
tyf cnÍf/ cflb lzIf0fsf qmddf :yfgLo nf]suLtsf] pbfx/0f lbO{ k9fpbf laBfyL{n] ;lhn}
a'e\mg] u/]sf] cg'ej ;'gfP . cfufdL lbgdf oL uLtx¿sf] ;+/If0f tyf ;Da4{g u/L k|of]udf
Nofpg s] ug{ ;lsG5 < eGg] k|Zgsf] hjfkmdf :yfgLo kflnsfx¿sf] o;df
dxTTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /xg] h;n] cfk\mgf] nf]s ;+:s[ltdf k|rlnt uLt nufotsf ;f+:s[lts
;Dkbfsf] ;+/If0fdf 7'nf] e"ldsf v]nL o;nfO{ /fli6«o x'b} cGt/f{li6«o:t/df k'¥ofpg ;Sg]
hjfkm kfOof] .
• :yfgLo kf7\oqmddf :yfgLo uLtx¿nfO{ sd k|fyldstf lbOPsf] kfOof] .
• o;sf] kl/0ffd :j?k g]kfnL efiffsf] hGd:yn s0ff{nLsf nf]suLtx¿ plrt ;+/If0f gePdf lgs6
elaiodf g} x/fP/ hfg] ;Defagf /x]sf] lgrf]8 lgsfNg ;lsG5 .
A

;+:sf/ nf]suLtx¿
-!_ dfun -d+un_ uLt
df+ulns sfo{df ufOg] uLt ePsfn] oL uLtx¿nfO{ d+un uLt jf dfun elgg],
• lxGb" ;+:sf/sf z'esfo{df gf/Lx¿n] ufpg] uLt,
• nf]sf]lQm cg';f/ åfk/ o'udf eujfdfg >L/fd / ;Ltfsf] ljjfxdf pgsf ;fyLx¿n] d+unfr/0f ug]{ qmddf ufOPsf]
uLt x'gfn] -k+= lai0f' k|;fb pkfWofo_ cfh k|o{Tg o;n] dfun uLtsf] ¿kdf cl:tTj sfod /fv]sf],
• z'esfo{l;t ;DalGwt dfundf -Gof}kfg], k[= ^) cg';f/_ elQmefjsf] k|wfgtf, jfBg[To lagfsf] ufog, nfdf] no /
df+ulns efj x'g' o; uLtsf laz]iftf xf] .
• s0ff{nLdf klg o:tf dfun uLtx¿ x/]s z'esfo{df ufpg] u/]sf] kfOof] .
o;'3/ aflha9fOo afnLsGof k/;'lt eO5g\,
lul/o pHofnf] eof] ls:gsf /f}t]nf h'GDof
l;/fg sf] lyOg uf]8\ofg sf] lyOg,
l;/fg ;f]8\ofgL cfdf uf]8\ofg b'wf/L lyOg=== -emfk' Gof}kfg]_ .
-@_ emf]8f
• dgf]/~hg tyf d+unsfdgf ug]{ p2]Zon] ufOg] of] uLt df+ulns sfo{df of}jg tyf a[¢ dlxnfx¿n] ufpg],
• of] uLt ljjfxsf lbg hGtL lx8]kl5 / hGtL ;lxt b'nxL 3/ cfPkl5 b'nfxfsf] 3/df hDdf ePsf dlxnfx¿n]
;fd"lxs ¿kdf ufOg] -Gof}kfg], @)&^, k[= (&_,
• s0ff{nL If]qdf laz]if ¿kdf k|rlnt of] uLt dlxnfsf] ;fd"lxs v]n;lxt ufOg],
:jfl:to /rgf xl/Ho"sf] gfp hLo====
l;/} / l;Gb"/ k}/L laxf ug{ hfFp hLo==== -emfk' Gof}kfg]_
-#_ r/g
• z'esfo{df dlxnfx¿n] ;fd"lxs ¿kdf ufpg] uLt,
• ljjfx, a|taGw, hGd;+:sf/ cflbsf ;dodf of] uLt ufpg] / ;fd"lxs ¿kdf nfdf] nodf ufOg] oL uLt
a'emfOdf cln sl7g x'g] ePtf klg /l;nf] / /f}gs k"0f{ :jefjsf]
Oh/ hfh/ af]of] sfu'gL cfOo /fpGof
ld/L ldl/u}nf] -r/L r/L cfo}_@
s;}g a/gfsf] ld/L ldl/u}nf] cfOo /fpGof
s;}g a/fgfsf] l;ª\=== -d'gl;+u] ;'gf/_ .
-$_ /Tof}nL
• b'nfxfsf 3/df ljjfxsf cj;/df aflnPsf] z'e;"rs aQL s'g{ elg hDdf ePsf dlxnfx¿n] ufpg] ;fd"lxs uLt /Tof}nL
xf] -Gof}kfg], @)&^, k[= (*_ .
• oL uLtx¿nfO{ ljjfxsf cj;/df dfq geP/ Ho"Flt d]6\bf / 5}7Lsf] /fltdf klg ufOG5 . /Tof}nL uLt
>Ls[i0fsf] /ltnLnfsf qmddf ufOg] uLtaf6} /Tof}nLsf] hGd ePsf] xf] eGg] klg 5g\ -k/fh'nL, @)%&,
k[=@^!_ .
• s0ff{nLdf klg ljjfxdf b'nfxfsf 3/df /ftel/ /Tof}nL v]Ng] rng 5 .
• k'?ifx¿ hGt hfg] ePsfn] of] uLt dlxnfx¿n] hGtL uPsf] /flt 5n{Ë pHofnf] x'Gh]n /Tof}nL v]Ng] u/]sf]
kfOG5 . ljjfxsf] ;dodf dlxnfx¿n] ljz]if /dfOnf];fy /ftel/ v]n v]Nb} ufpg] ub{5g\ .
-/flto af;Gof s[lt k/]jf_@ 5sNof af;Gof sfu
aHo"sf] v]nGof emf]8f] r'6\sLnf] af]asf] v]nGof tf;=== -uf]df kf08]_ .
-%_ x'8\s] uLt
• s0ff{nL If]qdf ljjfxdf hGtL hfFbf k~r] afhf ahfpFb} x'8\s] gfr;lxtsf] x'8\s] uLt ufpg] rng
5.
• o;df b'O{hgfsf] lardf clegofTds kIf ljkIf eO{ bf]xf]/L h:tf] ufpg] / afFsLn] aflx/ a;]/
pgLx¿nfO{ ;3fpg] sfd ub{5g\ -/tg kl/of/_ .
;fx'3/sf wg
s7} d]/f dg
x'8\sf] aHof] ;fOsf] =====-/tg kl/of/_
-^_ afnf] v]nfpg] uLt
• 5}7L sd{sf lbg ufOg] ljleGg k|sf/sf uLtx¿nfO 5}7L uLt elgG5 .
• aRrf hGd]sf] 5}6f}+ lbgdf glhssf] l5d]sL ;a}nfO{ lgDtf] ul/G5 . Hof]ltifL ;d]t af]nfO
aRrfsf] /flzkmn cg';f/sf] bzfu|x x]l/G5 eg] hlGdbfsf] cj:yf ;d]t a'lemG5 .
/fpgL bfpF bfp====
s;'sf] b'w xf] afnf s;'sf] xf] k't < /fpgL bfpF bfpF
ltlD;gfsf b'w afnf lgpkfg]sf k't . /fpgL bfpF bfpF===cflb
n]v v]l/ lgufnLo slt kfTof eO5
3/ xfd|L s'n af}cf slt df:of eO5
n]v v]l/ lguflno b'a} kfTof eO5=== -pkfWofo, @)&@_ .
a

kj{ nf]suLt
-!_ tfu] ;+qmflGt -gofF jif{_ sf] uLt
• ljZjdf gofF jif{ dgfpg] cf–cfkm\g} z}nL / tl/sf 5g\ .
• g]kfnL ;+:s[lteGbf k[ys\ tl/sfn] gofF jif{ dgfpg] k|rng s0ff{nLdf 5 .
• ljxfg} b]lv dlxnfx¿n] :gfg u/L z'¢ eO{ cfkm\gf] kltsf] bL3f{o'sf] sfdgf;lxt Ps
k|sf/sf] j|t a;]/ k"hfcfhf ug]{ / ;Kt /ª\uL wfuf]n] a'lgPsf] tfuf wf/0f ug]{ ul/G5 .
• ;f]xL cj;/df ufOg] uLtnfO{ tfu] ;+qmflGtsf] uLt elgG5 .
:jl:to /rg xl/ Ho"sf] gfp hLo===
kf6} / k6Dd/ k}/L tfuf nfpg hfpF hLo=== -;'Gb/L Gof}kfg]_

-@_ tLhsf] uLt

• lxGb" gf/Lx¿sf] dxfg kj{ tLhdf ufOg] g]kfnel/ k|rlnt cg]s k|sf/sf
uLtx¿nfO{ tLhuLt elgG5 .
• s0ff{nLdf eg] o;nfO{ cln k[ys\ tl/sfn] dgfpg] rng lelqPsf] kfOG5 .
k/Dk/fut¿kdf tLhuLt ufpg] rng o; If]qdf gkfOP klg xfn o;nfO{ ljz]if dxTTjsf
;fy lng] ul/Psf] kfOG5 .
lg/Gt/===

• tLhsf] cj;/df b]p8f v]nsf ¿kdf uLt ufP/ tLh dgfpg] rng 5 .
kf]/L aUbf] e]/L
j/L aUbf] s/gfnL
cfdf sf5g d]/L
tLhdf 5f]/L kf]On} ?bL=== -sfnL ;'gf/_

-#_ /fFsf] kmfNg] uLt

• >fj0f ! ut]sf lbg 3fd c:tfP/ l7s ;fFem kg]{ a]nfdf 3/sf] 5tdf bLk k|Hjng :j¿k /fFsf]
afn]/ uLtsf] z}nLdf l;wf cuf8L vf]nf kf/Lsf] l5d]sL ufpFnfO{ ufnL ub}
{ cfk\mgf] /f]u Jofw, n'tf] cflb n}hf eGb} ufpg] rng kfOG5 .
• o; cj;/df afhfufhf ahfpb} z+vw'g ;lxt sl/a !% ldg]6sf] ;dodf of] sfo{ ;dfKt ul/G5 .
/f]u, Jofw, lrnfpg], laemfpg], vfOg], v8\s'g], n'tf], kfp8f] Nx}hfP=== uf]Kyfl8o .
w'gLufO{ lbOhf, gf7LufO{ Nx}hf, kmf6f] km]?jf Nx}hf gf}nf] km]?jf lbOhf P===
uf]Kyfl8o -:jod\_
-$_ k';] e}nf]sf] uLt
• g]kfnsf] dWoklZrd / ;'b'/klZrdf~rndf k|rlnt Ps k|sf/sf] dgf]/~hgfTds ;fd'"lxs uLt
e"jf] uLt xf] -Gof}kfg], @)&^, k[= ()_ . o;nfO{ st} e"jf] t st} e}nf] elgG5 .
• g]kfne/ e}nL v]Ng] rng /x]tf klg o:tf] k/Dk/f v; ;fd|fHosf k|frLg /fhf jln/fhsf]
kfnfb]lv rNb} cfPsf] eGg] s'/fdf w]/} Oltxf;sf/x¿ ;xdt b]lvG5g\ -hf]zL, @)@*,
k[= (!_ .
• h'Dnfdf ufOg] e}nLsf uLtx¿ t km/s 5g\ g} e}nL vNg] tl/sf, ;do, Oltxf; ;d]t km/s
kfOG5 . e}nf] sxfF pAHof] < s] s] vfGuL kfof] < eGg] k|Zgsf] hjfkmdf ;/f]x/
-dfg ;/f]x/_ pAHof], rGb| ;'o{ pbfP clg ;'g vfGuL kfof] eGg] h:tf jln/fhsf jL/
ufyfsf] aofg u/]sf] kfOG5 . o;nfO{ st} e'jsf] ¿kdf t st} e}nf]sf ¿kdf v]Ng] u/]
klg d'Vo efjdf eg] ;dfgtf kfOG5 .
• v; ;fd|fHosf dxf/fhf >L % jln/fh zfxLsf] kfnfdf v; /fHonfO{ lj:tf/ ug]{ qmddf
o'j/fh jT;/fh zfxLn] o'/f]ksf] ;a} eGbf 7'nf] c6f]dg /fHo lhTg ;kmn ljZj lah]tf
dflgPsf g/]z t}d'/n+unfO{ xl/åf/fsf] df]xg b/f eGg] :yfgdf e'h]nLn] lu8]/ df/]kl5
h'Dnf pkTosfsf] :j0f{u|fd -xfn tftf]kfgLsf] ;'Gb/ ufpF_ af6}] jln/fh zfxLn] rLg,
hkfg, sf]l/of, ;fOa]l/of dfly clwgtf sfod u/] .
lg/Gt/===
• pQm o'4af6 kms]{/ ljho k|fKt u/]sf xft xltof/ dxflty{ dfg;/f]j/ tnfpdf
kvfn]/ h'Dnf kmls{bf lahoufgsf ?kdf e}nL / b]p;L uLtx¿ ufOP h'g cfh
ko{Gt b]p;L e}nLsf] rng /x]sf] kfOG5 -Zffx, @)^*_ . of] k'; dlxgfdf
k5{ .
• kl5 o;}nfO{ sflQsdf nIdL cf}+;Lsf] ef]lnkN6 b]lv b]p;L v]Ng] rng
rNb} cffPklg tTsfnLg\ v; /fHo cGtu{tsf xfnsf s0ff{nL k|b]zsf clwsf+z
lhNnfx¿df o;sf] hLjGt¿k g/x] klg cjz]if eg] km]nfkfg{ ;lsG5 .
• v; /fHosf] lahof]T;j;Fu hf]l8Psf] k';] e}nf]sf efsfx¿n] klg o;}sf] k'li6
ub{5g\ .
of]/ e}nf] sf/ pAHof] – eOnf]
;/3/ pAHof]] – eOnf]
;/3/sf e}nfn] – eOnf]
Sofp Sofp vfGuL kfof] – eOnf]
;/3/sf e}nfn] – eOnf]
rGg ;'o{ kfof] – eOnf]===-bnlj/] /fjn_ .
-%_ b]p;L e}nLsf] uLt
• ltxf/sf] efO6Lsfsf lbg efO6Lsf nufPkl5 k|To]s 3/sf cfFugdf pleP/ ;fd"lxs¿kdf ufOg]
Ps k|sf/sf] ;fd"lxs uLt b]p;L /] uLt xf] -Gof}kfg], @)&^, k[= ()_ . jln/fhfs} uf}/j
ufyf;Fu hf]l8Psf] e}nL k/Dk/f h'Dnf xF'b} g]jf/ hfltsf] kj{ xfn lxGb"x¿s} dxfg
kj{ efO6Lsfsf] ;dodf nIdL cf+};Lsf lbg b]lv …xfdL To;} cfPsf xf]Ogf}F jln/fhfn]
k7fPsfÚ eGg] uLts}¿kdf ufOG5 .
• g]kfnL tyf ljb]zL Oltxf;sf/x¿n] klg jln/fh l;Fhf /fHosf Ps anjfg /fhf x'g eGg] pNn]v
ul/;s]sf 5g\ . csf]{ s'/f lxGb" zf:qdf slxg] æog a4f] aln/fhf bfgj]Gb|M dxfan t]g]
Tjfd\ k|lta4\gfld /Iff] df rn df rn .Æ /Iff aGwgsf] dGqn] klg o;sf] cy{ k'6\ofpg] sfd
u/]sf] kfOG5 .
P x} egeg efO xf] – b]pl;of]
a'9f] b]p:of – b]pl;of]
/ftf] df6f] – b]pl;of]
lrKnf] af6f] – b]pl;of]
/8\8} k8\8} – b]pl;of]
xfdL To;} – b]pl;of]
cfosf xf]Ogf}+ – b]pl;of]
jnL/fhn] k7fP – b]pl;of]
>d uLtx¿
-!_ wfg /f]kfOFsf] uLt
• h'Dnf ljZjsf] ;jf{lws prfOdf wfg kmNg] :yfg
• o;sf] Oltxf; h'Dnf lhNnfsf] k|l;4 dlGb/ rGbggfy;Fu hf]l8Psf] 5 .
• u'?rGbggfy afafn] ef/tsf] sf:dL/af6 sfnLdf;L{ wfgsf] aLp NofP/ n5fns[lt k}snfnfO{ lbFbf nf5'
Ho"nfdf r}tsf] !@ ut] wfg lehfP/ 6';f pdf/L @) ut] a]gf{df 5g]{ / pQm wfgsf] aLp h]7df /f]Kg], c;f/df
uf]8\g] / sflQsdf leœofpg],
• oxL wfg /f]kfOFsf] ;dodf ljz]if tfdemfdsf ;fy pT;j dgfpg] / /f]Kg]/Lx¿ -dlxnf /f]kf/_ n] uLt ufpg]
ub{5g\ of] g} wfg /f]kfOFsf] uLt xf]
• ;fFem /f]kfOF ;s]/ 3/ kmls{bf klg uLt ufpFb} afhfufhf ;lxt 3/ k'u]/ xif{a9fO{ ul/g],
k"j{ rfSnf] kl5d 5'rf] k'lNt 8fjo
s;'sf] Ho"gf/ nfUof] df;L{ wfgo
af]asf Ho"gf/ nfpnf df;L{ wfgo
8Ln n:s]O 3f8L 5Ks]O df;L{ wfgo=== .
-@_ c;f/] uLt
• h'Dnfdf /f]kfOF, uf]8fO;DaGwL sfd dlxnfx¿n] g} ug]{ ePsfn] k|foM >duLtx¿ dlxnfx¿n] g} ufpg]
ub{5g\ . sfdsf] ysfO d]6fpg tyf dgf]/~hg lng oL uLt ufOg],
lbbL M 9f]/ k"j{ kf]On lbof} efOn' d]/fo===
efO M slt 9f]/ slt k"j{ lbbf d]/Lof}===-k"jf{b]jL pkfWofo_ .
-#_ bfOFsf] uLt

• sflQsdf sfnLdf;L{ wfg emf/]/ y'kfl/G5 clg /xn kxn wfg emfg{sf nflu bfOF xflnG5 .
• pQm bfOFsf ;dodf ;x Nofpg] ljZjf;sf ;fy ufOg] uLt .
• h'Dnf lhNnfdf ;a} eGbf w]/} wfg kmNg] Ho"nf] eg]sf] nf5' / nfd|f ePsfn] oL Ho"nfsf] ;x Nofpg]
p2]Zosf;fy uLt ufOG5 . bfª b]pv'/L sf] ;x Nofpg] cfzf ul/G5 . pQm ;x Nofpg] lhDd]jf/L eg]sf]
bfO{Fdf hf]ltg] uf]?sf] xf] eGg] ljZjf; ul/G5 .
e'O{of/] afaf vnfe/L b]nf
nf5' nfd|fsf] ;x NofOof afaf
bfªb]pv'/Lsf] ;x NofOof afaf
e'O{of/] afaf vnfe/L b]nf=== -:jod\_
-$_ s'6fO lk;fOsf] uLt
• wfg s'6fO tyf z'esfo{sf nflu /f]6Lx¿ agfpgsf nflu rfdnsf lk7f] s'l6G5, lkl;G5 . o; ;dodf klg uLt
ufpFg] rng 5 . o:tf uLtx¿nfO{ g} s'6fO lk;fOsf uLt elgPsf] xf] .
wfg s'6fOsf] uLt M l;Kk' efOo wfg s'6fOo
lk7f] s'6fOsf] uLt M /3' a];f/ cfPo} o;} a];f/=====
SofsL a];f/
-%_ ufO{ r/fpFbfsf] uLt
• s0ff{nLdf v]ltkftL tyf kz'kfng g} d'Vo k]zfsf] ¿kdf x'g] ePsfn] b}lgs ufO{ e}+;L
cflb kz'a:t' r/fpg -d]nfpg_ hfg]x¿n] uLt ufpg] ub{5g\ .
• cfk'mn] r/fpg lnPsf ufO{x¿ 3fF; ePsf] d]nfdf vfg kfpg eGg] sfdgf ub}{ uLt
ufOG5 .
xfDdL ufO{sf e/L lj08f
cSs} ufO{sf l/Qf lj08f
xfDdL ufO{ dw'jg cSs} ufO{ /gjg======
====== xfDdL ufO{ af;f w]nftL 6'k'Ss k'¥ofO lbo; P== j'ga•Lo -:jod\_ .
;bfaxf/ uLtx¿
-!_ b]p8f uLt
• s0ff{nL k|b]zsf] nf]slk|o ;fd"lxs g[To,
• b]pl8P/ v]lng] ePsfn] o;nfO{ b]p8f elgPsf,
• b]p8f pTklQsf] d"nynf] s0ff{nL k|b]z g} xf] / b]p8f v; efiffefifL ;dfhsf] cfk\mg} ckgTjsf] df}lns ;
+:s[lt xf] -ad, @)^&, k[=^!_ .
• ;Todf]xg hf]zL sf cg';f/ …b]p8fÚ b]jufyf k|:t't ug]{ qmddf /rgf ePsf] 7flgG5 -cfrfo{, @)&^, k[=%%
df pb[tf+z_ .
 lg/Gt/===

• of] uLt ;fd"lxs¿kdf dlxnf–dlxnf, dlxnf–k'?if tyf k'?if–k'?ifsf lardf bf]xf]/f]

;jfnhjfkmsf ¿kdf ufOg] uLt xf] .
• k|fo >[ª\ufl/s / sf?l0fs /;df ufOg] oL uLtx¿ s0ff{nLdf cTolws ¿kdf rn]sf]
kfOG5 .
s]6L M d]/f 3/ tLg x'Ssf 5g
Ps afafsf] Ps cfdfsf] Ps cfpGof hfGofsf]
:ju{ nf]s af;\ x'Gof 5 of] /;n vfGofsf]
s]6f M d]/f 3/ tLg 5fnf 5g\
Ps af3sf] Ps 3f]0fnsf] Ps 5 lrtNofsf]
t]/f] /;n d vfb}g afP; lkmtNofsf] . -ad, @)^&, k[= #!_
-!_ GofpNof uLt
• s0ff{nLdf nf]slk|o /x]/ klg ;+/If0f / ;Da4{gsf cefjdf nf]kf]Gd'v cj:yfdf k'u]sf
GofpNof uLtx¿df gj}/; leh]sf] kfOG5 . Gofpn}=== y]uf] hf]8]/ nfdf] nodf ufOg]
uLt GofpNof uLt x'g .
;fpGof uf}sf gn s0ff{nLn] aufO{ Nofof] -Gofpn}_===
b}j'nfO{ g5n dL7f]kmn vfGof eof -Gofpn}_===
. -!_ 7f8L efsf uLt
• :yfg / cj:yf cg';f/ Psn jf o'un ¿kdf ufO{ of] uLt s0ff{nLsf] nf]slk|o ;bfjxf/ uLt xf] .
• s0ff{nLsf /gjg, bfp/f3fF;, kfgLkwF]/f]df ufOg] ljnlDat nodf ufOg
• k|foM k|0fo laifosf] k|of]u x'g] k|j[lQ eP klg 7f8L efsfsf uLtdf
hLjghut\ / ;'vb'Mvsf cg'e"ltx¿ JoQm x'G5g\ -cfrfo{, @)&^, k[= %%_
sgf{nL sgf{nL lt/ e]/L e]/L lt/
d PSnf] 8fF8fsf] d[u sf]xL gfO d]/L lt/===-sdnf kf08]_
-@_ 5f]§Lv]n uLt
• s0ff{nLdf k|rlnt 5f]§Lv]n uLt a};fn' o'jf o'jtLsf lardf ufOg] uLt xf] .
• cNnf/] a};sf s]6f / s]6Lsf lardf ;fnL legf kfqsf¿kdf v]lng] of] v]nn] ;fdflhs ¿kdf
ckdfg dfq xf]Og ;fdflhs las[lt lgDTofPsf sf/0f xfn nf]k eO;s]sf] cj:yfdf 5 .
s]6L M nf}nf} kfpgfp vfpvfp vfgf ltpG5 cn;sf]
wf} u/L bl/zg kfOof] k~r snzsf] .
s]6f M d]/} e}+;L vfn a:Gof d} kfgL 5NsGof
s}ls xf} ;'h{k"mn h;L b]Vof dg nNsGof . -ad, @)^&, k[= ^!_
-#_ jg r'l6\snf
• dlxnfx¿ jglt/ hfFbf ufOg] uLtnfO{ jg r'l6\snf elgg],
• s0ff{nLdf cfk\mgf dfGohgx¿sf cufl8 uLt eGg] s'/f eGbf t uLt eGg] zAb g} cln
zd{nfUbf] dflgg] ePsfn] o;sf kof{osf ¿kdf lnOg],
• laz]ifu/L dlxnfx¿df dfq k|rlnt d]nfkft, /gjg, 3Ff;bfp/f, kfgLkFw]/fdf ufpg] uLt g}
jg r'l6\snf xf] .
s7} bOgf}===
s/gfnL 3'df}6f] k¥of] nf}/L aufpb}g
a}/fuLsf afFhf d'g 8'nL c3fpb}g - zfGtL kl/of/_
• ctM k|:t't cg';Gwfg P8\jf8{ ;lk/sf] eflifs tyf ;f+:s[lts ;fk]Iftfsf] l;4fGtn]
efiffnfO{ ;dfh ;fk]If dfg]/ ;+:s[ltnfO{ efiffsf] ;+jfxs dfg]sf] h:t} o; cg';Gwfgsf
qmddf klg efiff / ;+:s[lt Ps cfk;df cGt;{DalGwt b]lvG5 eg] ;f+:s[lts k'g/f]Tkfbg
l;4fGtsf] klg k':tfGt/0f x'b} cl:tTjfdf /x]sf]n] cg';Gwfgsf qmddf d]n vfPsf] kfOof]
.
efiff l;sfO tyf lzIff / ;+:s[ltsf] ;DaGw

• ;kL/sf] egfO{df efiff / ;+:s[ltsf lar olt w]/} 3lgi6 ;DaGw 5 ls Ps csf{sf] 1fg
ljgf lognfO{ hfGg ;lsb}g -l3ld/], @)^%, k[= ^(_ .
• Ralph Linton n] ;+:s[ltnfO{ xfdLn] l;s]sf Jojxf/sf] ;+ul7t ¿k eg]sf 5g\ .
Jojxf/tM kl/0ffdsf sf/0f o;sf tTjx?nfO{ cfk;df cfbfgk|bfg / :yfgfGt/0f vf;
;dfhdf ul/G5 . pgn] ;+:s[lt b'O{ k|sf/sf 5g\ eg]sf 5g\ .
!_ ef}lts ;+:s[lt M pTkfbg k|0ffnL, pTkfbgsf ;fwg, oGqx¿, ;DklQ, 3/
cflb .
@_ cfWoflTds ;+:s[lt M snf, ;flxTo, bz{g, g}ltstf, lzIff / wd{ .
• ;flxTo l;h{gf ug{ lzIffsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . lzIffn] ;dfhnfO{ ;d'Ggt agfpg
;xof]u k'¥ofp5 .
• efiff lzIf0fdf :yfgLo nf]s;flxTo / nf]s;+:s[ltsf] dxTTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /x]sf]
x'G5 .
• s0ff{nLdf k|rlnt nf]s ;+:s[ltsf] ;+/If0f / ;Da4{g ug{sfnflu efiff lzIf0fdf o;sf]
pkof]u ug{ cfjZos b]lvG5 .
s0ff{nLsf] nf]s ;+:s[ltdf k|rlnt uLtx¿sf] efiff lzIf0fdf k|efj

• eflifs l;kx¿sf] lzIf0fnfO{ efiff lzIf0f elgG5 -clwsf/L, @)^(_ .

• efiff lzIf0f ljBfyL{sf] :t/ tyf Ifdtf cg';f/sf] af]w / cleJolQm
l;k ljsf; u/fpg] k|fof]lus efiff lj1fgsf] Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ zfvf xf]
.
• g]kfnL efiffsf] pb\ud ynf] s0ff{nLdf dft[efiffsf ¿kdf v;efiff k|
rlnt 5 .
• s0ff{nLsf] nf]s;+:s[ltdf k|rlnt uLtx¿sf] e"ldsf efiffsf] ;
+/If0f / ;Da¢{gdf cxd\ /x]sf] b]lvG5 .
• ;+:sf/ leq ;+:s[lt, ;+:s[lt leq efiff / efiffsf dfWodaf6 lzIff k|fKt
x'g] ePsfn] s0ff{nLsf nf]s ;+:s[ltdf k|rlnt uLtsf] cWoog /
o;sf] efiff lzIf0fdf ;d'lrt k|of]u x'g' g} clxn]sf] cfjZostf xf] .
pknlAw
• k|:t't cg';GwfgfTds n]vsf pknlAwx¿nfO{ a'Fbfut ?kdf lgDgfg';f/ k|:t't ug{ ;lsG5
.
!_ g]kfnL efiff lzIf0fdf o:tf hgaf]nLsf uLtx¿sf] plrt k|of]u ug{ kf7\oqmd,
kf7\ok':ts tof/ kfg{,
@_ dft[efiff lzIf0fdf oL uLtx¿n] :yfgLo ;+:s[ltsf] phfu/ ug{] ePsfn],
#_ cfk\mgf] efiff, lnlk / ;+:s[ltsf] ;+/If0f ;Da4{g ug]{ df}lns xssf]
sfof{Gjog ug{',
$_ nf]kf]Gd'v clnlvt uLtx¿nfO{ lnlka4 ub}{ efjL k':tfnfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug'{,
%_ ;dfh, ;+:s[lt / efiffsf] cGt{;DaGw klxNofO{ ;dfhdf k|rlnt uLtx¿sf] pTvgg
ug'{ / efiff ;+:s[ltsf] ;+/If0f ug'{,
^_ g]kfnL efiff lzIf0fdf oL / o:tf cg]s uLtx¿sf] ;xfotfn] k|efjsf/L lzIf0fsf] ;'?
jft ug{ ;xof]u k'U5 .
• ;Gbe{ ;fdu|L
• clwsf/L, ljZjk|]d, -@)%&_, cfFwLvf]n] nf]s ;+:s[lt / nf]s uLt, :ofª\emf M ljho s'df/ clwsf/L .
• clwsf/L, x]dfª\u /fh -@)^(_, g]kfnL efiff lzIf0f, sf7df8f}F M ljb\ofyL{ k':ts e08f/ .
• clwsf/L, x]dfª\u /fh -@)&$ 5}=;+=_, ;fdflhs / k|fof]lus efiff lj1fg, sf7df8f}F M /Tg k':ts e08f/ .
• cfrfo{, uf]ljGb -@)&^_, ;fdfGo g]kfnL nf]suLt M ;Dkf=kf]v/]n dfwjk|;fb, g]kfnL ;flxTosf] a[xt\ Oltxf;, nlntk'/ M sdndl0f k|sfzg k|
f=ln= .
• pkfWofo, vu]Gb| k|;fb, -@)&@_, h'Dnf lhNnfsf] kfg;o b/fdf k|rlnt ;+:sf/ uLtdf k|o'St efiffsf] cWoog, lq=lj= lzIffzf:q ;+sfo M ;'v]{t
SofDk; -lzIff_ cGtu{t :gftsf]Q/ txsf] pkflwsf nflu k|:t't zf]w kq .
• hf]zL ;Todf]xg, -@)@*_, s0ff{nL nf]s ;+:s[lt, sf7df8f}F M g]kfn /fhsLo k|1f k|lti7fg .
• yfkf, wd{/fh / x+zk'/] ;'j]bL -@)$!_,g]kfnL nf]s ;flxTosf] ljj]rgf ,kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb| lqe'jg ljZjljBfno .
• bgf{n, /fdz/0f, -@)^!_, g]kfnL ;+uLtdf dª\un uLtsf] k/Dk/f, sf7df8f+} M ul/df klqsf k"0ff{ª\s @@ .
• b]jsf]6f /Tgfs/ -@)@&_, h'Dn]nL zAb ;+u|x / pvfg 6'Ssf sf7df8f}=M g]kfn /fhsLo k|lti7fg .
• Gof}kfg], s';'dfs/ -@)&^_, g]kfnLsf ljz]if nf]suLt M ;Dkf=kf]v/]n dfwjk|;fb, g]kfnL ;flxTosf] a[xt\ Oltxf;, nlntk'/ M sdndl0f k|sfzg k|
f=ln= .
• Gof}kfg] 6+sk|;fb, e08f/L kf/;dl0f / Gof}kfg] bLksk|;fb, -@)&$_, efiff lj1fgsf k|d'v l;4fGt, sf7df8f}F M ljb\ofyL{ k':ts e08f/ .
• Gof}kfg] s';'dfs/, -@)&$_, g]kfnL nf]suLt, kf]v/f M lkm:6]n klAns];g k|f=ln=.
• g]kfn k"0f{k|sf;,-@)$@_ l;+hfsf] P]ltxfl;s ?k/]vf, df]/ª M k|ltdf k'/:sf/ k|lti7fg k|sfzg .
• k/fh'nL, s[i0fk|;fb -@)%&_ g]kfnL nf]suLtsf] cfnf]s, sf7df8f}F M jL0ff k|sfzg k|f=ln=.
• Anderson, G. (2005) Fundamentals of educational research. USA: The Flamer Press.
• Creswell, J.W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design: choosing among five approaches. New Delhi: Sage publication.
• Halsey,A.H., Lauder, H., Brown, P.& Wells, A.S. (1996). Education culture, economy and society. New York: Oxford University press.
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