Intensif Eng-3

Inten yk ‘21
text
01
 Scientists are as obsessed with the question of why the super old survive and thrive as Ponce 1. What is the topic of the text above?
de Leon was to find the Fountain of Youth. They want to understand why the Japanese islands of A. Survival
Okinawa are home to the world's largest population of centenarians, with almost 600 of its 1.3 million B. Youth
inhabitants living into their second century–many of them are still active and looking decades C. Long life span
younger than their actual years. Like weekend visitors on the summer ferry to Martha’s Vineyard, D. Old age
scientists and sociologists block the boats to Sardinia and Nova Scotia, Canada, to see why those E. Health secrets
craggy locales hide vast clusters of the super old.
As well as studying these populations intensively to unlock their secrets, scientists have also 2. Which of the following expresses the main idea
taken a hard look at the very old in the U.S., most notably in the New England Centenarian Study, led of the text?
by Dr. Thomas Perls, a geriatrician at Boston University. While the very old are happy to offer A. The   population   of  the   elderly   people  is
homespun explanations for their longevity–"I never took a drink; "I drink a shot of whiskey every increasing
day"–experts are trying to unravel and understand the biological factors that allow some people to B. Elderly people cluster in particular parts of
reach 100 while others drop off in their 70s or 80s. Researchers are particularly interested in the world.
determining which factors allow up to 30% of those who reach 100 to do so in sufficient mental and C. Biological    factors    influence    mental and
physical health: a whopping 90% of centenarians, according to Perls, remain functionally independent physical health.
up to age 92. D. Genes and life styles are essential for a
It is pretty obvious even to non-scientists that how you get there depends partly on the genes long-life span.
you are born with, and partly on lifestyle–what and how you eat, where you live, and what types of E. Several biological factors are at work
stress and trauma you experience. How much depends on each factors, though, was unknown until affecting life span.
Swedish scientist tackled the problem in 1998. They did it by looking at the only set of people who
share genes but not lifestyle: identical twins who were separated at birth and reared apart. If genes
were most important, you would expect the twins to die at about same age. In fact, they do not, and
• TOPIC AND MAIN IDEA ARE
the average difference convinced the scientists that only about 20% to 30 % of how long we live is
RELATED
genetically determined. The dominant factor is lifestyle.
 Scientists are as obsessed with the question of why the super old survive and thrive as Ponce 3. Which of the following is true about the
de Leon was to find the Fountain of Youth. They want to understand why the Japanese islands of information in the text?
Okinawa are home to the world's largest population of centenarians, with almost 600 of its 1.3 million A. Super old people normally can exceed 100.
inhabitants living into their second century–many of them are still active and looking decades B. Okinawa people look younger than their
younger than their actual years. Like weekend visitors on the summer ferry to Martha’s Vineyard, actual age.
scientists and sociologists block the boats to Sardinia and Nova Scotia, Canada, to see why those C. All alcoholic drinks decrease life
craggy locales hide vast clusters of the super old. expectation.
As well as studying these populations intensively to unlock their secrets, scientists have also D. All of Dr. Perl's subjects are self-reliant.
taken a hard look at the very old in the U.S., most notably in the New England Centenarian Study, led E. Gene quality contributes much more to life
by Dr. Thomas Perls, a geriatrician at Boston University. While the very old are happy to offer span.
homespun explanations for their longevity–"I never took a drink; "I drink a shot of whiskey every
day"–experts are trying to unravel and understand the biological factors that allow some people to
reach 100 while others drop off in their 70s or 80s. Researchers are particularly interested in
determining which factors allow up to 30% of those who reach 100 to do so in sufficient mental and
physical health: a whopping 90% of centenarians, according to Perls, remain functionally independent
up to age 92.
It is pretty obvious even to non-scientists that how you get there depends partly on the genes
you are born with, and partly on lifestyle–what and how you eat, where you live, and what types of
stress and trauma you experience. How much depends on each factors, though, was unknown until
Swedish scientist tackled the problem in 1998. They did it by looking at the only set of people who
share genes but not lifestyle: identical twins who were separated at birth and reared apart. If genes
were most important, you would expect the twins to die at about same age. In fact, they do not, and
the average difference convinced the scientists that only about 20% to 30 % of how long we live is
genetically determined. The dominant factor is lifestyle.
 4. How is the information of the last paragraph the text organized?
A. Each question is provided with an illustration. Text Organization
B. Scientific questions are followed by studies. • The flow of
C. Each study is followed by research findings.
information in the
D. Scientific   questions   are   presented   from general to specific.
E. Three related questions are followed by one finding. text.
• The interrelation
Scientists are as obsessed with the question of why the super old survive and thrive as Ponce
de Leon was to find the Fountain of Youth. They want to understand among
why the main idea islands of
Japanese
Okinawa are home to the world's largest population of centenarians, with almost 600 of its 1.3 million
inhabitants living into their second century–many of them are stilland its supporting
active and looking decades
younger than their actual years. Like weekend visitors on the summer ferry to Martha’s Vineyard,
scientists and sociologists block the boats to Sardinia and Nova Scotia,
craggy locales hide vast clusters of the super old.
details.
Canada, to see why those

As well as studying these populations intensively to unlock their secrets, scientists have also
taken a hard look at the very old in the U.S., most notably in the New England Centenarian Study, led
by Dr. Thomas Perls, a geriatrician at Boston University. While the very old are happy to offer
homespun explanations for their longevity–"I never took a drink; "I drink a shot of whiskey every
day"–experts are trying to unravel and understand the biological factors that allow some people to
reach 100 while others drop off in their 70s or 80s. Researchers are particularly interested in
determining which factors allow up to 30% of those who reach 100 to do so in sufficient mental and
physical health: a whopping 90% of centenarians, according to Perls, remain functionally independent
up to age 92.
It is pretty obvious even to non-scientists that how you get there depends partly on the genes
you are born with, and partly on lifestyle–what and how you eat, where you live, and what types of
stress and trauma you experience. How much depends on each factors, though, was unknown until
Swedish scientist tackled the problem in 1998. They did it by looking at the only set of people who
share genes but not lifestyle: identical twins who were separated at birth and reared apart. If genes
were most important, you would expect the twins to die at about same age. In fact, they do not, and
the average difference convinced the scientists that only about 20% to 30 % of how long we live is
genetically determined. The dominant factor is lifestyle.
 Scientists are as obsessed with the question of why the super old survive and thrive as Ponce According to the  information  in  the  passage,
de Leon was to find the Fountain of Youth. They want to understand why the Japanese islands of people may ... 
Okinawa are home to the world's largest population of centenarians, with almost 600 of its 1.3 million A. Reach an old age if their parents do so.
inhabitants living into their second century–many of them are still active and looking decades B. Reach old age if they keep a healthy
younger than their actual years. Like weekend visitors on the summer ferry to Martha’s Vineyard, lifestyle.
scientists and sociologists block the boats to Sardinia and Nova Scotia, Canada, to see why those C. Reach old age if they are brought up
craggy locales hide vast clusters of the super old. separately from their siblings.
As well as studying these populations intensively to unlock their secrets, scientists have also D. Not reach old age unless they live in areas
taken a hard look at the very old in the U.S., most notably in the New England Centenarian Study, led where it is prevalent.
by Dr. Thomas Perls, a geriatrician at Boston University. While the very old are happy to offer E. Fail to reach an old age' unless they are
homespun explanations for their longevity–"I never took a drink; "I drink a shot of whiskey every mentally healthy.
day"–experts are trying to unravel and understand the biological factors that allow some people to
reach 100 while others drop off in their 70s or 80s. Researchers are particularly interested in
determining which factors allow up to 30% of those who reach 100 to do so in sufficient mental and
physical health: a whopping 90% of centenarians, according to Perls, remain functionally independent
up to age 92.
It is pretty obvious even to non-scientists that how you get there depends partly on the genes
you are born with, and partly on lifestyle–what and how you eat, where you live, and what types of
stress and trauma you experience. How much depends on each factors, though, was unknown until
Swedish scientist tackled the problem in 1998. They did it by looking at the only set of people who
share genes but not lifestyle: identical twins who were separated at birth and reared apart. If genes
were most important, you would expect the twins to die at about same age. In fact, they do not, and
the average difference convinced the scientists that only about 20% to 30 % of how long we live is
genetically determined. The dominant factor is lifestyle.
TEXT
02
 6. Which of the following best reflects the
Many modern educational experts claim that teaching facts and academic skills is less important
author's opinion about schools?
than achieving other social objectives. For some liberals, the schools must first change attitudes or
A. Teaching social skills is more important
provide nurturing in place of failed families or help establish equality and social justice. For some
than academic skills BIAS
conservatives, the school must first prepare kids for the workplace by molding them into supple
B. Schools must be able to change the
corporate citizens, while others want the focus to be on family values, a competitive spirit, or other
attitude of the students.
social or behavioral objectives. But the idea of simply educating kids seems to have taken a backseat
C. Teaching academic skills is more important
to most educational experts and administrators. They miss the point that kids with real academic
than social skills BIAS
skills, especially skills in reading, writing, and mathematics, are more likely to overcome social
D. Teaching social skills should use
barriers, more likely to have genuine self-esteem, and most likely to be genuinely prepared for the
conventional methods.
challenges of life and the workplace. By emphasizing so many things besides a genuine, classical
E. Teaching academic skills is somehow
education, tile educational establishment tends to soli our kids short and bring about many of the
contemporary
problems they claim to be solving.
Consider the case of Wesley Elementary School in Houston. According to Richard Nadler in the
article, "Failing Grade", Wesley has all the demographic markers of a school bound for failure. Over
80% of the students qualify for subsidized lunches, and nearly all are minorities (92% black, 7% AUTHOR’S OPINION
Hispanic). Yet it ranks among the best schools of Houston, with first-graders placing at the 82nd An opinion is simply a judgment or
percentile level in reading tests which is 50 points higher than the expected level for similar at-risk belief that one holds as true
schools.
What has made Wesley so successful? The answer is classical education in the form of Direct
Instruction curriculum designed by Siegfried Engelmann, an example of the much ridiculed "sage-on-
the-stage" approach. This Direct Instruction system boosts reading, writing, and math scores by 30 to AUTHOR’S BIAS
40 percentile points in at-risk schools. Sadly, Engelmann, like others who successfully challenge A bias is when you are partial to
popular fads in educational reform, has been rejected by much of the educational establishment. His something over something else.
success is an embarrassment to them.
 7. The second paragraph is related to the first paragraph in which the second paragraph presents ___
A. an elaboration of purposes of an effective school.
B. a discussion on the requirements for the good school.
C. a real example rather than an opinion of good schooling.
D. an illustration to support the opinions on school subjects.
E. evidence in favor of the value of social objectives.

Many modern educational experts claim that teaching facts and academic skills is less important
than achieving other social objectives. For some liberals, the schools must first change attitudes or
provide nurturing in place of failed families or help establish equality and social justice. For some RELATION OF TWO
conservatives, the school must first prepare kids for the workplace by molding them into supple
PARAGRAPHS
corporate citizens, while others want the focus to be on family values, a competitive spirit, or other
social or behavioral objectives. But the idea of simply educating kids seems to have taken a backseat
to most educational experts and administrators. They miss the point that kids with real academic
Paraphrase (restate) topic dari
skills, especially skills in reading, writing, and mathematics, are more likely to overcome social paragraph yang ditanyakan.
barriers, more likely to have genuine self-esteem, and most likely to be genuinely prepared for the
challenges of life and the workplace. By emphasizing so many things besides a genuine, classical
education, tile educational establishment tends to soli our kids short and bring about many of the
problems they claim to be solving.
Consider the case of Wesley Elementary School in Houston. According to Richard Nadler in the
article, "Failing Grade", Wesley has all the demographic markers of a school bound for failure. Over
80% of the students qualify for subsidized lunches, and nearly all are minorities (92% black, 7%
Hispanic). Yet it ranks among the best schools of Houston, with first-graders placing at the 82nd
percentile level in reading tests which is 50 points higher than the expected level for similar at-risk
schools.
 Many modern educational experts claim that teaching facts and academic skills is less important 8. ln writing the text, the writer's tone could
than achieving other social objectives. For some liberals, the schools must first change attitudes or be best describes as ____
provide nurturing in place of failed families or help establish equality and social justice. For some A. Persuasive.
conservatives, the school must first prepare kids for the workplace by molding them into supple B. Descriptive
corporate citizens, while others want the focus to be on family values, a competitive spirit, or other C. Informative
social or behavioral objectives. But the idea of simply educating kids seems to have taken a backseat D. Evaluative
to most educational experts and administrators. They miss the point that kids with real academic E. Conservative
skills, especially skills in reading, writing, and mathematics, are more likely to overcome social
barriers, more likely to have genuine self-esteem, and most likely to be genuinely prepared for the

tone
challenges of life and the workplace. By emphasizing so many things besides a genuine, classical
education, tile educational establishment tends to soli our kids short and bring about many of the
problems they claim to be solving.
Consider the case of Wesley Elementary School in Houston. According to Richard Nadler in the
article, "Failing Grade", Wesley has all the demographic markers of a school bound for failure. Over
80% of the students qualify for subsidized lunches, and nearly all are minorities (92% black, 7%
Hispanic). Yet it ranks among the best schools of Houston, with first-graders placing at the 82nd how’s the author’s feeling abou
percentile level in reading tests which is 50 points higher than the expected level for similar at-risk something he/she wrote
schools.
What has made Wesley so successful? The answer is classical education in the form of Direct
Instruction curriculum designed by Siegfried Engelmann, an example of the much ridiculed "sage-on-
the-stage" approach. This Direct Instruction system boosts reading, writing, and math scores by 30 to
40 percentile points in at-risk schools. Sadly, Engelmann, like others who successfully challenge
popular fads in educational reform, has been rejected by much of the educational establishment. His
success is an embarrassment to them.
9. From the second paragraph, it can be inferred that ___
A. Wesley is a successful prestigious school.
B. The students at Wesley are from the haves.
C. The students at Wesley are mostly colored.
D. The colored students usually perform better.
E. Wesley curriculum is adopted by other schools.

Consider the case of Wesley Elementary School in Houston. According to Richard Nadler in the article,
"Failing Grade", Wesley has all the demographic markers of a school bound for failure. Over 80% of the
students qualify for subsidized lunches, and nearly all are minorities (92% black, 7% Hispanic). Yet it ranks
among the best schools of Houston, with first-graders placing at the 82 nd percentile level in reading tests
which is 50 points higher than the expected level for similar at-risk schools.

10. The word “subsidized” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to which of the

following?
A. Disavowed Ditolak
B. Robbed Dirampok
C. Funded Didanai
D. Sent Dikirim
E. Divided Dibagi
TEXT
03
 It is common knowledge that as women get older, pregnancy becomes a riskier
11. ln the text above the writer deals with a topic on
enterprise. Advanced maternal age is linked to a number of developmental disorders in
___
children, such as Down's syndrome. Now, a study has confirmed that older mothers are more
A. prevalence of autism among children.
likely to give birth to a child with autism, too. The authors of the epidemiological study,
published February 8 in Autism Research, examined the parental age of more than 12,000 B. possible biological causes of autism.
children with autism and nearly five million "control" children between 1990 and 1999, all C. research findings on mental disorders.
living in California. The researchers found that mothers over 40 had a 51 percent higher risk D. maternal age and autism in children.
of having a child with autism than mothers 25 to 29, and a 77 percent higher risk than E. negative effects of delayed pregnancy.
mothers under 25.
12. Which of the following best describes the
Autism-a developmental disorder characterized by impaired social interaction and
communication-appears to be on the rise. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and author's purpose in this study?
Prevention now estimates that as many as one in 110 children in the U.S. has an autistic A. To analyse how delayed pregnancy brings about
spectrum disorder-a group of developmental disorders including autism, Asperger's syndrome autism
and pervasive developmental disorder. The prevalence of autistic spectrum disorders in B. To reveal that the case of autism among children
California in 2007 was 12 times that from 1987, representing an average annual growth of 13 is prevalent
percent, according to a report from the California Department of Developmental Services. C. To refute a common misconception about the
Only a fraction of these extra cases can be explained by changes to diagnostic criteria and cause of autism
earlier diagnosis. D. To demonstrate that autism is associated with
Maternal age is also increasing in the U.S. A California-based study reported a three- delayed pregnancy
fold increase in the number of births to women aged 40 to 44 between 1982 and 2004. But E. To make the readers aware of the consequence
this trend toward delayed childbearing accounted for less than 5 percent of the total increase of delayed pregnancy
in autism diagnoses in California over the decade, according to the study-a finding that
surprised Janie Shelton, a doctoral student in University of California, Davis's Department of
Public Health Sciences and the study's lead author. "I would have expected to see more of a Remember!
contribution, because age is a risk factor and women are having kids later," she says. Earlier Author’s purpose is related to the
work had suggested that both maternal and paternal ages are independently associated with TOPIC
autism risk. But the current study found that paternal age is only a risk factor when the
mother is under thirty.
13. It can be concluded from the text that ___
A. a big age difference of parents of 40 years or beyond may result in autism.
B. several mental disorders can be prevented by having kids earlier.
C. women today show a general trend in delaying pregnancy.
D. the paternal age only partly explains the case of mental disorders among children.
E. the case of autism among children remains a mystery among scientists.

Maternal age is also increasing in the U.S. A California-based study reported a three-fold increase in the
number of births to women aged 40 to 44 between 1982 and 2004. But this trend toward delayed childbearing
accounted for less than 5 percent of the total increase in autism diagnoses in California over the decade,
according to the study-a finding that surprised Janie Shelton, a doctoral student in University of California,
Davis's Department of Public Health Sciences and the study's lead author. "I would have expected to see
more of a contribution, because age is a risk factor and women are having kids later," she says. Earlier work
had suggested that both maternal and paternal ages are independently associated with autism risk. But the
current study found that paternal age is only a risk factor when the mother is under thirty.

How to draw a conclusion

Topic : negative effect of
 Understand the topic discussed in the text delaying pregnancy
 Check the idea emphasized by the last paragraph
 It is common knowledge that as women get older, pregnancy becomes a riskier 14. Which of the following according to the text is
enterprise. Advanced maternal age is linked to a number of developmental disorders in implied about autism in children?
children, such as Down's syndrome. Now, a study has confirmed that older mothers are more A. It is genetically transmitted
likely to give birth to a child with autism, too. The authors of the epidemiological study,
B. It was not detected until recently
published February 8 in Autism Research, examined the parental age of more than 12,000
C. It is getting more infectious
children with autism and nearly five million "control" children between 1990 and 1999, all
D. It makes children antisocial
living in California. The researchers found that mothers over 40 had a 51 percent higher risk
of having a child with autism than mothers 25 to 29, and a 77 percent higher risk than E. It was among California’s children
mothers under 25.
Autism-a developmental disorder characterized by impaired social interaction and 15. From the information in the first and second
communication-appears to be on the rise. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and paragraphs, it can be inferred that ____
Prevention now estimates that as many as one in 110 children in the U.S. has an autistic A. developmental disorders in children are close to
spectrum disorder-a group of developmental disorders including autism, Asperger's syndrome delayed pregnancy.
and pervasive developmental disorder. The prevalence of autistic spectrum disorders in B. studies on autism have not successfully revealed
California in 2007 was 12 times that from 1987, representing an average annual growth of 13 its causes.
percent, according to a report from the California Department of Developmental Services. C. many of the children in the US obviously suffer
Only a fraction of these extra cases can be explained by changes to diagnostic criteria and from autism.
earlier diagnosis. D. asperger's syndrome is not related in any way to
Maternal age is also increasing in the U.S. A California-based study reported a three- autism.
fold increase in the number of births to women aged 40 to 44 between 1982 and 2004. But E. modified diagnosis criteria can detect many
this trend toward delayed childbearing accounted for less than 5 percent of the total increase cases of autism.
in autism diagnoses in California over the decade, according to the study-a finding that
surprised Janie Shelton, a doctoral student in University of California, Davis's Department of
Public Health Sciences and the study's lead author. "I would have expected to see more of a
contribution, because age is a risk factor and women are having kids later," she says. Earlier IMPLIED / INFER
work had suggested that both maternal and paternal ages are independently associated with MAKNA TERSIRAT
autism risk. But the current study found that paternal age is only a risk factor when the
mother is under thirty.
TEXT

04
 Magnesium is another mineral we now obtain by collecting huge volumes of ocean water and ___16__ it with chemicals.
Although originally it was derived only from brines or from the treatment of such magnesium-containing rocks as dolomite, of
which whole mountain ranges are composed. In a cubic mile of sea water there are about four million tons of magnesium. Since
the direct extraction method ___17__ in about 1941, production has increased enormously. It was magnesium from sea that
made possible the wartime growth of the ___18___ industry, for every, airplane made in the United States (and most other
countries as well) contains about haft a ton of magnesium metal. And it has innumerable __19__ in other industries where a
lightweight metal is desired. __20__, its long-standing utility as an insulating material, and its use in printing inks, medicines, and
toothpaste.

16. ___ 17. ___ 18. ___

A. Treat A. Developed A. Aviation Penerbangan
B. To treat B. Was developed B. Automotive Otomotif
C. Treating C. Was developing C. Magnesium Magensium
D. To be treated D. Had developed D. Mineral Mineral
E. Treated E. Had been developed E. Dolomite Dolomit

PARALEL STRUCTURE Magnesium dari lautlah yang

SIMPLE PAST memungkinkan pertumbuhan
_____AND_____
industri penerbangan pada masa
BUT perang, untuk setiap pesawat yang
OR PASSIVE VOICE dibuat di Amerika Serikat

SAME STRUCURE WAS/WERE + V3

 Magnesium is another mineral we now obtain by collecting huge volumes of ocean water and ___16__ it with chemicals.
Although originally it was derived only from brines or from the treatment of such magnesium-containing rocks as dolomite, of
which whole mountain ranges are composed. In a cubic mile of sea water there are about four million tons of magnesium. Since
the direct extraction method ___17__ in about 1941, production has increased enormously. It was magnesium from sea that
made possible the wartime growth of the ___18___ industry, for every, airplane made in the United States (and most other
countries as well) contains about haft a ton of magnesium metal. And it has innumerable __19__ in other industries where a
lightweight metal is desired. __20__, its long-standing utility as an insulating material, and its use in printing inks, medicines, and
toothpaste.

19. ___ Dan itu (magnesium) memiliki kegunaan yang tak

A. Creation terhitung banyaknya di industri lain yang
B. Uses
menginginkan logam ringan
C. Processes
D. Disadvantages
E. Methods

20. ___
A. Hence Oleh karena itu
B. As Karena/sebagai
C. Therefore Oleh karena itu
D. Because Karena
E. Besides Disamping itu